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果園基肥施肥裝備研究現(xiàn)狀與發(fā)展分析
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國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2016YFD0201104)和國家蘋果產(chǎn)業(yè)技術體系項目(CARS-27)


Research Status and Development Analysis of Base-fertilizer Application Equipment of Orchard
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    摘要:

    我國果樹栽培面積和果品產(chǎn)量均居世界第一,果樹施肥是果園生產(chǎn)管理的關鍵作業(yè)環(huán)節(jié),施肥質(zhì)量直接決定果樹產(chǎn)量及果品品質(zhì)。果園主要施肥方式有深施基肥、土壤追肥、葉面噴肥、樹干涂肥等。其中,基肥的肥料施用量占全年施肥總量的70%以上,是影響果樹產(chǎn)量及品質(zhì)最重要的階段?;适┓蕶C械化是果園生產(chǎn)管理機械化水平的重要體現(xiàn)。本文綜合分析了果園基肥施肥機械化農(nóng)藝要求及發(fā)展概況,重點闡述了我國和國外發(fā)達國家基肥施肥裝備的典型機具及其技術參數(shù)和特點,并結合我國基本農(nóng)情和果園生產(chǎn)的實際情況,歸納總結了我國果園基肥施肥機械化發(fā)展亟待解決的主要問題,展望了基肥施肥裝備的發(fā)展趨勢,為我國果園基肥施肥裝備的進一步發(fā)展提供參考。

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    China has superior natural conditions and is suitable for the growth of fruit trees. It is a big fruit producing country. The cultivation area and yield of fruit trees rank first in the world all year round. Fruit industry is not only the third largest agricultural planting industry after grain and vegetable, but also the main industry to increase farmers income. Fertilization of fruit trees is a key link in orchard production. The quality of fertilization directly affects the nutrient absorption of fruit trees. Rational fertilization is an important measure to ensure the high, stable and increasing yield of fruit trees. The main forms of fertilization in orchard include depth application of basefertilizer, top dressing of soil, foliar spraying and trunk coating. Among them, the application amount of basefertilizer accounts for more than 70% of the total amount of fertilization in the whole year, which is the most important stage affecting the yield and quality of fruit trees. Mechanization of basefertilizer application is an important embodiment of mechanization level of orchard production and management. The agronomic requirements and development of orchard basefertilizer mechanization were comprehensively analyzed, and the typical machinery and its technical parameters and characteristics of the basefertilizer fertilization equipment in China and foreign developed countries were emphatically elaborated. Combined with the basic agricultural situation and the actual situation of orchard production in China, the main problems to be solved in the development of orchard basefertilizer application mechanization in China were summarized, and the development trend of orchard basefertilizer application equipment was prospected. It provided a reference for the further development of orchard base fertilizer application equipment in China.

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劉雙喜,徐春保,張宏建,江浩,權澤堃,王金星.果園基肥施肥裝備研究現(xiàn)狀與發(fā)展分析[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學報,2020,51(s2):99-108. LIU Shuangxi, XU Chunbao, ZHANG Hongjian, JIANG Hao, QUAN Zekun, WANG Jinxing. Research Status and Development Analysis of Base-fertilizer Application Equipment of Orchard[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2020,51(s2):99-108.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-08-06
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2020-12-10
  • 出版日期: 2020-12-10
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