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油菜聯(lián)合收獲機(jī)割臺(tái)振動(dòng)對(duì)田間收獲落粒影響分析
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國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(51805198)和國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金面上項(xiàng)目(31671592)


Analysis of Harvesting Losses of Rapeseed Caused by Vibration of Combine Harvester Header during Field Operation
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    摘要:

    油菜聯(lián)合收獲機(jī)田間作業(yè)過程中,割臺(tái)碰撞和振動(dòng)引起油菜角果和籽粒脫落,導(dǎo)致割臺(tái)落粒損失約占收獲總損失(8%~10%)的50%,為研究割臺(tái)振動(dòng)對(duì)田間收獲落粒的影響,以4LL-15Y型履帶式油菜聯(lián)合收獲機(jī)為研究對(duì)象,基于振源分析和在田間收獲工況下對(duì)割臺(tái)開展振動(dòng)測(cè)試,確定引起割臺(tái)振動(dòng)的關(guān)鍵激振源是發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)(27.53Hz)和割刀(7.93~8.53Hz),然后基于Default Shaker液壓振動(dòng)臺(tái)以0~40Hz掃頻方式確定出影響適收期“華油雜62”油菜角果籽粒脫落的最大頻率段為5~10Hz,在該頻率段內(nèi)開展激振頻率對(duì)油菜角果和籽粒脫落影響的單因素試驗(yàn)。結(jié)果表明,Default Shaker液壓振動(dòng)臺(tái)激振頻率為7Hz時(shí),油菜植株在橫向固定和縱向固定時(shí),其油菜角果和籽粒脫落率均為最大,橫向固定時(shí)油菜角果和籽粒脫落率最高達(dá)3.42%,而傳統(tǒng)往復(fù)式割刀激振頻率在8.0Hz左右,位于5~10Hz油菜角果和籽粒落粒最大的頻率范圍內(nèi),割刀的往復(fù)運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)引起油菜角果和油菜籽粒大幅落粒,因此割臺(tái)振動(dòng)也是造成油菜聯(lián)合收獲機(jī)割臺(tái)落粒損失的重要原因之一。

    Abstract:

    During harvesting of rapeseed, the falling of siliques and seeds caused by colliding and vibration of the harvester header accounts for about 50% of total harvesting loss (8%~10%). To analyze the impact of vibration of header on the harvesting loss during field operation, an experimental study was conducted on the 4LL-15Y crawler rape combine harvester. Through vibration tests, the key vibration excitation sources were determined, which were the engine (27.53Hz) and the cutter bar (7.93~8.53Hz). Then, the frequency range causing the falling of siliques and seeds was determined using a Default Shaker hydraulic vibration system. The hydraulic shaker generated a frequency sweep from 0Hz to 40Hz on the “Huayouza 62” rapeseed stalks, and maximum falling occurred in the frequency range of 5~10Hz. Singlefactor experiments were conducted between the vibration excitation frequency and the falling of siliques and seeds. Results showed that when the frequency was 7Hz, the stalks had maximum falling of siliques and seeds under both horizontal and vertical fixations. The maximum falling ratio was 3.42% when the stalks were under horizontal fixation. It can be concluded that the reciprocating cutter bar, whose excitation frequency was about 8.0Hz, was the main vibration source causing harvesting losses. The research result can provide some reference for the optimization design of rapeseed and grain combine header cutter. 

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馬麗娜,魏俊逸,黃小毛,宗望遠(yuǎn),詹廣超.油菜聯(lián)合收獲機(jī)割臺(tái)振動(dòng)對(duì)田間收獲落粒影響分析[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2020,51(s2):134-138,201. MA Li’na, WEI Junyi, HUANG Xiaomao, ZONG Wangyuan, ZHAN Guangchao. Analysis of Harvesting Losses of Rapeseed Caused by Vibration of Combine Harvester Header during Field Operation[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2020,51(s2):134-138,201.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-08-02
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2020-12-10
  • 出版日期: 2020-12-10
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