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基于專家控制的噴桿高度智能調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)研究
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國家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2017YFD0700903、2016YFD0200705)和國家馬鈴薯產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系項(xiàng)目(CARS-09)


Spray Boom Height Intelligent Adjustment System Based on Expert Control
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    摘要:

    針對(duì)噴桿噴霧機(jī)作業(yè)過程中,因田間地表起伏和土壤硬度不同導(dǎo)致噴桿與施藥靶標(biāo)面無法始終保持適當(dāng)距離、影響施藥均勻性和防治效果的問題,設(shè)計(jì)了一種噴桿高度智能調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)采用3個(gè)超聲波測(cè)距傳感器獲取噴桿不同位置的高度信息并用限幅滑動(dòng)平均濾波算法對(duì)傳感器數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行預(yù)處理,同時(shí)將雙軸傾角傳感器分別安裝于車體底盤中部和噴桿上,以實(shí)時(shí)獲取噴霧機(jī)和噴桿的姿態(tài)信息。然后采用基于加權(quán)平均的多傳感器融合算法對(duì)噴桿高度信息進(jìn)行融合處理。利用專家知識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn),綜合考慮當(dāng)前噴霧機(jī)姿態(tài)信息和噴桿高度信息,設(shè)計(jì)使用不同的控制參數(shù)和控制規(guī)則,再由專家控制推理機(jī)按照制定的控制策略進(jìn)行推理輸出。然后控制機(jī)構(gòu)通過PWM控制電磁比例換向閥動(dòng)作,驅(qū)動(dòng)噴桿調(diào)節(jié)油缸對(duì)噴桿高度進(jìn)行調(diào)節(jié),使噴桿高度誤差快速穩(wěn)定在允許誤差范圍內(nèi)。給出了噴桿系統(tǒng)的機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu),闡述了系統(tǒng)硬件系統(tǒng)組成、工作原理和噴桿高度智能調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)的專家控制算法和軟件實(shí)現(xiàn)。系統(tǒng)通過CAN總線實(shí)時(shí)獲取外部變量施藥系統(tǒng)的工作狀態(tài)信息,實(shí)現(xiàn)與變量施藥系統(tǒng)的工作同步,同時(shí)由觸摸屏實(shí)現(xiàn)人機(jī)交互,設(shè)定放大系數(shù)、衰減系數(shù)、動(dòng)作閾值等控制參數(shù),再通過CAN總線輸送至控制器用于噴桿高度控制。系統(tǒng)應(yīng)用于課題組研制的3WZG-3000A型大型噴霧機(jī),并針對(duì)噴桿高度智能調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)的調(diào)節(jié)性能進(jìn)行了試驗(yàn)。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,該系統(tǒng)可以快速跟隨階躍激勵(lì)引起的噴桿高度調(diào)節(jié)需求,當(dāng)噴桿高度控制允許誤差設(shè)定為8%、階躍激勵(lì)為20cm時(shí),最大調(diào)節(jié)時(shí)間不大于0.75s。

    Abstract:

    In order to ensure the application effect of plant protection, the proper distance between spray boom and plant canopy need to be maintained when field surface relief and soil hardness were changed during the whole working period. Three ultrasonic distance measuring sensors were used to obtain the height information of spray boom, and the sensors data were preprocessed with amplitudelimiting and moving average algorithm. Two dualaxis inclination sensors were used to obtain the posture information of sprayer and spray boom which were installed on the chassis of sprayer and spray boom respectively. And then multisensor fusion algorithm based on weighted average was used to handle the spray boom height information. Then different control strategies were designed for different working states of sprayer by using expert knowledge and experience. According to the established control strategy, the control signal was outputted by the inference engine of expert control to control mechanism which was used to drive the spray boom height adjustment cylinder. The mechanical structure of the boom system was introduced, and the composition and working principle of the boom height intelligent adjustment system (BHIAS) were described. The control algorithm and software realization of BHIAS were elaborated. The work status of external variable spraying system was obtained by CAN bus to achieve synchronization of work status between BHIAS and variable spraying system. The touch screen was used to achieve humancomputer interaction and control parameters was sent to the controller for boom height control, such as amplification coefficient, attenuation coefficient, adjustment tolerance, etc. The BHIAS was applied to 3WZG-3000A boom sprayer which was developed by the research group. Ground tests were conducted separately for testing the adjustment performance of BHIAS. The test results showed that BHIAS can follow the boom height adjustment requirements which was caused by step excitation quickly. When the allowable error of boom height adjustment was 8% and the height of step excitation was 20cm, the maximum adjustment time of BHIAS was no more than 0.75s. 

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孫星,楊學(xué)軍,董祥,張鐵,嚴(yán)荷榮,王之東.基于專家控制的噴桿高度智能調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)研究[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2020,51(s2):275-282. SUN Xing, YANG Xuejun, DONG Xiang, ZHANG Tie, YAN Herong, WANG Zhidong. Spray Boom Height Intelligent Adjustment System Based on Expert Control[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2020,51(s2):275-282.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-07-30
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2020-12-10
  • 出版日期: 2020-12-10
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