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果園施藥機(jī)械資源消耗水平評(píng)價(jià)模型研究
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國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2018YFD0700603)和山東煙臺(tái)校地融合發(fā)展項(xiàng)目


Resource Consumption Evaluation Model of Orchard Spray Machinery
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    摘要:

    在施藥機(jī)械滿足噴霧質(zhì)量前提下,為降低果園施藥綜合成本,需要對(duì)果園施藥機(jī)械資源消耗水平進(jìn)行評(píng)估。本文選擇典型地面風(fēng)送噴霧機(jī)、單旋翼和六旋翼植保無(wú)人機(jī)進(jìn)行果樹(shù)施藥試驗(yàn),對(duì)比分析冠層霧滴沉積分布、霧滴穿透性、地面霧滴流失等主要噴霧效果指標(biāo),結(jié)果表明:3種施藥機(jī)械在樹(shù)冠縱向各層、橫向各層霧滴沉積密度均大于25滴/cm2,能夠滿足果園植保要求;比較冠層霧滴分布/沉積均勻性,樹(shù)冠縱向沿送風(fēng)方向整體呈下降趨勢(shì),樹(shù)冠橫向由外到內(nèi)整體呈下降趨勢(shì),變異系數(shù)最高分別達(dá)63.54%和79.19%;對(duì)比霧滴穿透性,風(fēng)送噴霧機(jī)較優(yōu),縱向與橫向變異系數(shù)最大為5.35%,單旋翼植保無(wú)人機(jī)橫向最差,變異系數(shù)為35.20%,而六旋翼植保無(wú)人機(jī)縱向最差,變異系數(shù)達(dá)40.77%。但單旋翼和六旋翼植保無(wú)人機(jī)地面霧滴流失量分別是風(fēng)送噴霧機(jī)的2.78%和12.50%,減少了農(nóng)藥浪費(fèi)。進(jìn)一步綜合施水量、施藥量、用工量、作業(yè)時(shí)長(zhǎng)和作業(yè)能耗等指標(biāo),采用基于變異系數(shù)客觀賦權(quán)法與主觀賦權(quán)法兩種線性加權(quán)方法,構(gòu)建了施藥裝備資源消耗水平評(píng)價(jià)模型,驗(yàn)證結(jié)果均表明,綜合資源消耗由小到大依次為單旋翼植保無(wú)人機(jī)、六旋翼植保無(wú)人機(jī)、風(fēng)送噴霧機(jī);兩種評(píng)價(jià)方法的資源消耗綜合評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)值變異系數(shù)分別為110.2%和74.2%,說(shuō)明基于變異系數(shù)客觀賦權(quán)法的評(píng)價(jià)模型,綜合指標(biāo)值之間差異更明顯、評(píng)價(jià)效果更符合實(shí)際。

    Abstract:

    In order to reduce the comprehensive cost of orchard spray, it is necessary to evaluate the resource consumption level of application machinery. A typical airassisted sprayer, a singlerotor and a sixrotor plant protection unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) were applied for spray test. The results showed that the droplet deposition density of three spraying machines in each layer were all more than 25 droplets/cm2. The droplet distribution uniformity decreased in vertical canopies seen from the direction of blowing. Observed from the horizontal direction, the droplet distribution uniformity was also decreased from outside to inside layers. The highest coefficient of variation (CV) values were separately 63.54% and 79.19%. In terms of the droplet penetration, the airassisted sprayer was superior with the low CV value nearby 5.35%. While the CV value of the singlerotor plant protection UAV was 35.20% in the horizontal direction and the CV value of sixrotor plant protection UAV was 40.77% in vertical direction with bad penetration. The droplet loss on the ground of the singlerotor and sixrotor plant protection UAV were 2.78% and 12.50% of that of the airassisted sprayer, respectively, which reduced the pesticide waste. Then, two resource consumption evaluation models of application machinery were constructed using two linear weighting methods (objective weighting method based on coefficient of variation and subjective weighting method) with the evaluation indexes of water, pesticide, labor, time, and energy consumption. The results showed the descending order with resource consumption of the singlerotor plant protection UAV, the sixrotor plant protection UAV and the airassisted sprayer. The CV values of comprehensive evaluation index in two evaluation methods were 110.2% and 74.2%, which indicated that the evaluation model based on the objective weighting method was better. The conclusions provided a reference for farmers to choose a suitable application machinery and reduce the comprehensive cost in orchard. 

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陳炳太,鄭永軍,江世界,楊圣慧,呂昊暾,康峰.果園施藥機(jī)械資源消耗水平評(píng)價(jià)模型研究[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2020,51(s2):289-297. CHEN Bingtai, ZHENG Yongjun, JIANG Shijie, YANG Shenghui, Lü Haotun, KANG Feng. Resource Consumption Evaluation Model of Orchard Spray Machinery[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2020,51(s2):289-297.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-08-11
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2020-12-10
  • 出版日期: 2020-12-10
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