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果園多風(fēng)管風(fēng)送噴霧機風(fēng)量調(diào)控系統(tǒng)設(shè)計與試驗
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山東省農(nóng)業(yè)重大應(yīng)用技術(shù)創(chuàng)新項目(SD2019NJ001)和山東省重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2019JZZY010706、2015GNC112004)


Design and Experiment of Air Volume Control System of Orchard Multi-pipe Air Sprayer
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    目前國內(nèi)大多數(shù)果園風(fēng)送噴霧機多通過控制風(fēng)機轉(zhuǎn)速或出風(fēng)口截面積調(diào)整風(fēng)量,依據(jù)果樹冠層特征實時變量調(diào)控風(fēng)量的相關(guān)研究較少,針對上述問題,本文提出了一種基于果樹冠層特征實時調(diào)整風(fēng)量的單風(fēng)機多風(fēng)管旁路調(diào)風(fēng)技術(shù)。分析對比了節(jié)流調(diào)風(fēng)和旁路調(diào)風(fēng)兩方案風(fēng)速調(diào)節(jié)能力和風(fēng)場風(fēng)速空間變化特性,旁路調(diào)風(fēng)結(jié)構(gòu)風(fēng)速與蝶閥開度線性變化關(guān)系更明顯,利于風(fēng)量及風(fēng)速的控制,因而選擇旁路調(diào)風(fēng)方案。該方案基于果樹分割冠層層數(shù)設(shè)置相應(yīng)數(shù)量的扇形出風(fēng)口,構(gòu)建了基于果樹分割冠層特征的蝶閥開度模型,并依據(jù)該模型計算各出風(fēng)口處蝶閥的理論開度,結(jié)合PID變量調(diào)控技術(shù)控制蝶閥實現(xiàn)各出風(fēng)口風(fēng)量實時調(diào)控進行變量噴霧。選擇普通風(fēng)送噴霧、自動對靶變量噴霧和變風(fēng)量噴霧3種模式,以霧滴沉積量和藥液飄逸損失為指標(biāo),對3種作業(yè)模式進行噴霧性能試驗,試驗結(jié)果表明:普通風(fēng)送噴霧模式下農(nóng)藥飄移量及地面流失量最大;變風(fēng)量噴霧表面冠層的沉積量比自動對靶風(fēng)送噴霧模式提高了17.3%,變異系數(shù)降低了10.29個百分點,且果樹冠層下、果樹間的地面沉積量分別降低了26.1%和40.7%,飄移量相比于其他2種噴霧模式分別降低了69.9%和50.9%。

    Abstract:

    At present, most domestic airassisted sprayers of orchard adjust air volume by controlling fan speed or air outlet sectional area, not realtime regulation air volume according to characteristics of fruit trees. Orchard spraying has problems of pesticide waste and insufficient spraying. In order to solve above problems, a single fan multi  duct bypassair conditioning technology was proposed. It can realize airvolume adjusted by controlling disc valve opening degree at the air outlet. In order to achieve accurate and rapid regulation of air volume, two kinds of variable air volume technologies of throttling and bypassing were designed and compared. The test results showed that the linear relationship between wind speed and butterfly valve opening of bypassing adjusting air was more obvious, which was more conducive to the control of air volume and wind speed. Bypassing air volume adjust technology was selected. Fanshaped air outlets of corresponding number were set based on number of canopy layers of fruit trees. Butterfly valve opening model based on divided canopy characteristics was analyzed and constructed, and opening of each outlet butterfly valve can be calculated according to this model. It can control butterfly valve opening combined with PID variable control technology and achieve the air volume control of each outlet for variable spray. Three spray mode among conventional air spray mode and automatic target air spray mode and variable air volume variable spray volume spray mode were selected to verify testing. The spray performance test of three operation modes was carried out based on droplet deposition and drift loss of pesticides. Test results showed that drift and ground loss of pesticides were the largest in conventional air spray mode among three spray modes. The amount of deposition on surface of canopy in variable air volume spray mode was increased by 17.3% compared with automatic target air delivery spray mode and the coefficient of variation was reduced by 10.29 percentage points. The amount of ground deposition under the canopy was decreased by 26.1%, and reduced by 40.7% between canopies. And the amount of drift was reduced by 69.9% and 50.9% compared with that of the other two spray modes. 

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姜紅花,牛成強,劉理民,王東偉,王家勝,毛文華.果園多風(fēng)管風(fēng)送噴霧機風(fēng)量調(diào)控系統(tǒng)設(shè)計與試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學(xué)報,2020,51(s2):298-307. JIANG Honghua, NIU Chengqiang, LIU Limin, WANG Dongwei, WANG Jiasheng, MAO Wenhua. Design and Experiment of Air Volume Control System of Orchard Multi-pipe Air Sprayer[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2020,51(s2):298-307.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-08-06
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2020-12-10
  • 出版日期: 2020-12-10
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