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基于骨骼關(guān)節(jié)識(shí)別的拖拉機(jī)駕駛室座椅舒適度評(píng)價(jià)
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國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2017YFD0700100)、山東省農(nóng)業(yè)重大應(yīng)用技術(shù)創(chuàng)新項(xiàng)目(SD2019NJ011)和山東省重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2019GNC106120


Evaluation of Seat Comfort in Tractor Cab Based on Bone Joint Recognition
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    摘要:

    為優(yōu)化拖拉機(jī)駕駛室座椅設(shè)計(jì),減輕駕駛員作業(yè)負(fù)擔(dān),提高作業(yè)效率,解決我國(guó)拖拉機(jī)在駕駛室座椅舒適性方面技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)研究不足的問(wèn)題,提出一種基于骨骼關(guān)節(jié)識(shí)別的拖拉機(jī)駕駛室座椅舒適度評(píng)價(jià)方法。首先,在對(duì)拖拉機(jī)座椅舒適性影響因素分析的基礎(chǔ)上選取人體坐姿關(guān)節(jié)角為研究因素,在配備不同座椅的兩種拖拉機(jī)上利用消費(fèi)級(jí)深度相機(jī)Kinect v2進(jìn)行8組駕駛動(dòng)作捕捉試驗(yàn),獲得了在不同駕駛動(dòng)作下精確度為0.01°的關(guān)節(jié)角信息;然后,將關(guān)節(jié)角數(shù)據(jù)導(dǎo)入人體建模仿真分析軟件Jack中得到人體模型,根據(jù)不同的駕駛動(dòng)作進(jìn)行了關(guān)節(jié)力矩仿真及下背部受力仿真,分析得到人體舒適度結(jié)果;最后,基于層次分析法構(gòu)建了拖拉機(jī)座椅舒適度評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)層次結(jié)構(gòu)模型,確定各指標(biāo)權(quán)重并進(jìn)行一致性檢驗(yàn),對(duì)涉及的所有指標(biāo)的原始數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行處理并計(jì)算得到座椅舒適度的綜合評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果。仿真結(jié)果表明,相比于普通座椅的拖拉機(jī),在配備基于人機(jī)工程學(xué)座椅的拖拉機(jī)上作業(yè)時(shí),人體模型動(dòng)作完成能力增加10個(gè)百分點(diǎn)且無(wú)關(guān)節(jié)不適的情況,其腰部關(guān)節(jié)處的壓力在駕駛姿勢(shì)下可以有效減少80N,在扭轉(zhuǎn)姿勢(shì)下可以有效減少370N,并且腰部所受的側(cè)向剪力也有所減小,證明了人體模型在此拖拉機(jī)座椅上的舒適度更高。通過(guò)分析座椅舒適度評(píng)價(jià)矩陣,可以得到根據(jù)人機(jī)工程學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)的座椅舒適度優(yōu)于普通座椅。依據(jù)骨骼關(guān)節(jié)識(shí)別方法的評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果與根據(jù)層次分析法分析的結(jié)果一致,證明了基于骨骼關(guān)節(jié)識(shí)別的拖拉機(jī)駕駛室座椅舒適度評(píng)價(jià)方法的可行性與有效性。該評(píng)價(jià)方法可為拖拉機(jī)駕駛室座椅人機(jī)工程學(xué)研究及準(zhǔn)確高效地優(yōu)化拖拉機(jī)座椅設(shè)計(jì)提供參考依據(jù)與指導(dǎo)對(duì)策。

    Abstract:

    In order to optimize the design of tractor cab seat, reduce the workload of the driver, improve work efficiency, and solve the problem of insufficient technical basic research on the comfort of cab seat of Chinese tractors, evaluation method for seat comfort of tractor cab based on bone joint recognition was proposed. Firstly, based on the analysis of factors affecting the comfort of tractor seat, the human sitting joint angle was selected as the research factor. The consumergrade depth camera Kinect v2 was used to conduct eight driving motion capture experiments on two tractors equipped with different seats. The joint angle information with an accuracy of 0.01° under different driving actions was obtained; then, the joint angle data was imported into the human body modeling simulation analysis software Jack to obtain the human body model, and the joint torque simulation and lower back force were carried out according to different driving actions simulation and analysis to obtain the results of human comfort; finally, based on the analytic hierarchy process, a hierarchical model of the tractor seat comfort evaluation index was constructed, the weight of each index was determined and the consistency test was performed, and the original data of all the indicators involved were processed and calculated to obtain the comprehensive evaluation result of seat comfort. The simulation results showed that compared with tractors with ordinary seats, when working on tractors equipped with ergonomic seats, the ability of digital humans to complete actions was increased by 10 percentage points, and there was no joint discomfort. The pressure can be effectively reduced by 80N in the driving posture and 370N in the twisting posture, and the lateral shear on the waist was also reduced, proving that the digital human was more comfortable on this tractor seat. By analyzing the seat comfort evaluation matrix, it can be obtained that the seat comfort designed according to ergonomics was better than ordinary seats. The evaluation results based on the bone joint recognition method were consistent with the results analyzed based on the analytic hierarchy process, which proved the feasibility and effectiveness of the tractor cab seat comfort evaluation method based on bone joint recognition. This evaluation method can provide certain reference basis and guiding countermeasures for the ergonomics research of tractor cab seat and the accurate and efficient optimization of tractor seat design. 

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張開(kāi)興,張斕,楊剛,趙秀艷,劉賢喜,李姣姣.基于骨骼關(guān)節(jié)識(shí)別的拖拉機(jī)駕駛室座椅舒適度評(píng)價(jià)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2020,51(s2):521-529,543. ZHANG Kaixing, ZHANG Lan, YANG Gang, ZHAO Xiuyan, LIU Xianxi, LI Jiaojiao. Evaluation of Seat Comfort in Tractor Cab Based on Bone Joint Recognition[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2020,51(s2):521-529,543.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-08-01
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2020-12-10
  • 出版日期: 2020-12-10
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