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自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)深度式果園雙行開溝施肥機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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國家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2016YFD0201104)和國家蘋果產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系項(xiàng)目(CARS-27)


Design and Experiment of Orchard Double Row Ditching-fertilizer Machine with Automatic Depth
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    摘要:

    針對(duì)國內(nèi)果園開溝施肥機(jī)施肥效率低、一致性差和有機(jī)肥與化肥混施難的問題,設(shè)計(jì)了一種開溝深度可自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)的果園雙行開溝施肥機(jī)。該機(jī)采用雙行開溝施肥的工作方式,可一次完成果園開溝、有機(jī)肥與化肥混施、覆土一體化作業(yè)。通過理論分析對(duì)開溝裝置、排肥裝置和開溝深度自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)裝置等關(guān)鍵部件進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì),搭建基于STM32F103的控制系統(tǒng),實(shí)現(xiàn)開溝深度的自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)。性能試驗(yàn)表明,各工作部件運(yùn)行穩(wěn)定,開溝深度一致性較好,開溝深度穩(wěn)定性系數(shù)大于等于94.76%;田間試驗(yàn)表明,各種肥料顆粒混合均勻,有機(jī)肥分布穩(wěn)定性系數(shù)大于等于91.44%,化肥分布穩(wěn)定性系數(shù)大于等于92.09%,混合肥分布穩(wěn)定性系數(shù)大于等于93.70%,性能指標(biāo)滿足果園生產(chǎn)要求。

    Abstract:

    Fertilization is the key link in fruit production. The quality of fertilization directly affects the nutrient absorption of fruit trees. Rational fertilization is an important measure to ensure the high yield, stable yield and increased yield of fruit trees. In China, orchard ditching fertilization mainly depends on manual work, which is of high intensity, low efficiency and low standard. Mechanized ditching fertilization is the key to solve this problem, and it is also the future development trend of orchard in China. Aiming at the problems of low fertilization efficiency and poor consistency of orchard ditching fertilizer machine, and the difficulty of mixed application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer, a orchard double row ditching-fertilizer machine with automatic adjustment of ditching depth was designed. The working mode of double row ditching and fertilization was adopted, which can complete the ditching of fruit trees, the mixed application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer, and the integrated operation of covering soil at one time. Through theoretical analysis and design of key components, such as ditching device, fertilization device and ditching depth automatic adjustment device, a core control system based on STM32F103 was built to realize the automatic adjustment of ditching depth. Performance and field tests showed that all working parts of the ditching-fertilizer machine operated stably, the ditching depth was highly consistent, and the stability coefficient of ditching depth was not less than 94.76%;the distribution of various fertilizer particles was uniform, the distribution stability coefficient of organic fertilizer was not less than 91.44%, the distribution stability coefficient of chemical fertilizer was not less than 92.09%, the distribution stability coefficient of mixed fertilizer was not less than 93.70%, and the evaluation index met the requirements of orchard production. The research results provided scientific reference for the design of orchard ditching-fertilizer machine, and it was of great significance to the mechanized production of fruit industry.

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張宏建,徐春保,劉雙喜,江浩,張成福,王金星.自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)深度式果園雙行開溝施肥機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2021,52(1):62-72. ZHANG Hongjian, XU Chunbao, LIU Shuangxi, JIANG Hao, ZHANG Chengfu, WANG Jinxing. Design and Experiment of Orchard Double Row Ditching-fertilizer Machine with Automatic Depth[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2021,52(1):62-72.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-03-03
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2021-01-10
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