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紅外輻射對胡蘿卜切片脫水作用機制研究
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國家自然科學基金面上項目(31271908)


Mechanism of Infrared Radiation on Dehydration of Carrot Slices
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    摘要:

    為揭示不同形態(tài)的水在胡蘿卜干燥過程中的遷移機制,探明不同形態(tài)水在干燥過程中的相互作用和相互轉(zhuǎn)化關系,利用低場核磁共振技術對自由水、不易流動水和結合水3種形態(tài)水的分布和遷移規(guī)律進行分析。研究表明,在干燥前期主要脫除的是自由水,在干燥后期主要脫除的是結合水;在干燥前期,有少量的自由水向結合水轉(zhuǎn)變,說明在此期間有細胞生命活動參與;在干燥后期,結合水向自由水轉(zhuǎn)變。對紅外和熱風兩種干燥方式下的掃描電鏡圖像進行分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)經(jīng)紅外干燥的物料比面小、空隙尺寸大、空隙迂曲度低、結構松散、通透性好、滲流能力強,有利于水的遷移,說明在紅外干燥過程中,物料中的空隙在不同方向上所受的應力均衡。透射電子顯微鏡圖像顯示,經(jīng)紅外干燥的物料,其細胞空間架構規(guī)則有序,細胞膜、液泡膜及各種細胞器膜均消失,細胞器所占區(qū)域變小。這是因為有機質(zhì)中內(nèi)嵌的結合水在獲取紅外輻射能量后從復合結構中分離出來,失去連接紐帶的生物大分子裂解為小分子。由于紅外輻射將胡蘿卜中大的水分子團簇分解為小的水分子團簇,水的粘度降低、流動性增強、滲透能力增強、遷移能力增強,因此,紅外干燥具有更高的干燥效率。

    Abstract:

    The low field NMR (LF-NMR) was used to analyze the distribution and migration of free water, semilow water, and bound water to reveal the migration mechanism of different forms of water, the interaction between different forms of water and their mutual transformation relationship during the drying process of carrot. It was found that the free water in carrot was mainly removed in the early stage, and the combined water was mainly removed in the later stage in the process of drying. It was showed that there were life characteristics of cells involved in the early stage of carrot drying because a small amount of free water was converted into bound water. As it was expected, the bound water was changed to free water in the later stage of drying. When the scanning electron microscope (SEM) images were analyze, it was found that the infrared dried materials had smaller specific surface area, larger void size, lower void tortuosity, umbrella delivery structure, greater permeability, and stronger seepage capacity than those dried by hot air. Through the analysis of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images, it was found that the spatial structure of the cells of the materials dried by infrared was more regular and orderly than that of the materials dried by hot air,and the cell membrane, vacuole membrane and membrane structures on other organelles were all disappeared, and the area occupied by organelles became smaller than it was at the beginning. Since the “embedded” bound water in organic matter was separated from the complex structure of biomacromolecules after obtaining infrared radiation energy, these biomacromolecules were broken into many small molecules after losing the bonds. The mechanism of dehydration of carrot slices, the migration law of various forms of water in carrot, and the law of mutual transformation between various kinds of water under the action of infrared radiation were deeply analyzed. The research result not only provided theoretical basis and ideas for the design and optimization of drying process, but also provided technical support for the development and improvement of infrared drying equipment.

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劉玉輝,王相友,魏忠彩.紅外輻射對胡蘿卜切片脫水作用機制研究[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學報,2021,52(1):350-359. LIU Yuhui, WANG Xiangyou, WEI Zhongcai. Mechanism of Infrared Radiation on Dehydration of Carrot Slices[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2021,52(1):350-359.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-09-22
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2021-01-10
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