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長航時輕型固定翼農(nóng)用遙感無人機設(shè)計與仿真
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吉林省重點研發(fā)計劃項目(20200401113GX)和中央高?;究蒲袠I(yè)務(wù)費專項資金項目(1012019204)


Design and Simulation of Long-endurance and Light Agricultural Remote Sensing Fixed-wing UAV
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    摘要:

    針對電動無人機應(yīng)用于農(nóng)業(yè)遙感監(jiān)測時受其續(xù)航時間限制的問題,從實際應(yīng)用角度出發(fā),設(shè)計了一種續(xù)航時間長、適用于農(nóng)業(yè)遙感監(jiān)測的翼身融合布局的輕型電動固定翼無人機。提出了翼身融合布局輕型固定翼無人機的總體設(shè)計方法,確定了輕型固定翼無人機的結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù),建立了物理模型并對其參數(shù)進行了優(yōu)化分析。通過計算流體力學(xué)(Computational fluid dynamics, CFD)分析計算了翼身融合布局輕型固定翼無人機的氣動性能,基于流固耦合模型動態(tài)分析了其飛行狀態(tài)下的受力分布。結(jié)果表明,優(yōu)化模型較初始設(shè)計模型的升阻比提高了2.6%,在迎角為6°、巡航速度為15.5m/s時,所設(shè)計的翼身融合布局輕型固定翼無人機機身壓力分布合理,且擁有良好的氣動特性。起飛質(zhì)量為1.5kg時,無人機下表面壓力最大,為143Pa,升力主要集中在機翼前緣部分,計算所得理論續(xù)航時間為65min,在巡航階段最大變形量0.28838mm,符合飛行器工作條件,無人機結(jié)構(gòu)和選用材料均滿足設(shè)計和使用要求。本文設(shè)計的電動輕型固定翼農(nóng)用遙感無人機在結(jié)構(gòu)、材料和性能方面均適用于農(nóng)業(yè)遙感監(jiān)測。

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    The application of electric unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in agricultural remote sensing monitoring is limited by their short endurance. A long-endurance battery-powered light blended-wing-body UAV was designed for agricultural remote sensing. A design method for a light blended-wing-body UAV was proposed. The structural parameters of the light fixed-wing UAV was optimized and a model was built. The aero-dynamic performance of the UAV was determined by computational fluid dynamics (CFD), and the force distribution in flight state was dynamically analyzed based on fluid-structure interaction model. The results showed that the lift-to-drag ratio of the optimized model was 2.6% higher than that of the initially designed model, and the light blended-wing-body UAV had good aerodynamic characteristics. The pressure distribution of the UAV was effective at a 6° angle of attack and a cruising speed of 15.5m/s. When the take-off weight was 1.5kg, the maximum value of pressure on the lower surface of the UAV was 143Pa, and the lift force was mainly concentrated on the leading edge of the wing. The theoretical endurance time was 65min, and the maximum stress during the cruising phase was lower than the tensile strength of the fuselage material and the yield strength of the rotor. Under the same conditions, the maximum value of total deformation was 0.28838mm. The above parameters all met the normal working conditions of the UAV. Therefore, the structure, materials, and performance of the proposed light agricultural remote sensing UAV were suitable for agricultural remote sensing. It also provided a design method and key technologies for the application of electric drones.

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朱航,王月,蘭玉彬,張萃,李珂宇.長航時輕型固定翼農(nóng)用遙感無人機設(shè)計與仿真[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學(xué)報,2021,52(3):234-242. ZHU Hang, WANG Yue, LAN Yubin, ZHANG Cui, LI Keyu. Design and Simulation of Long-endurance and Light Agricultural Remote Sensing Fixed-wing UAV[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2021,52(3):234-242.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-11-21
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2021-03-10
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