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蔬菜移栽機(jī)氣動下壓式高速取苗裝置設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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國家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2016YFD0700302)


Design and Experiment of Pneumatic Punching High-speed Seedling Picking Device for Vegetable Transplanter
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    摘要:

    目前,蔬菜移栽機(jī)取苗機(jī)構(gòu)單行取苗頻率為40~90株/min,取苗頻率低已成為蔬菜高速移栽(≥90株/min)技術(shù)及裝備的發(fā)展瓶頸。為實(shí)現(xiàn)高速取苗作業(yè),設(shè)計(jì)了一種氣動下壓式高速取苗裝置及配套組合式穴盤,通過“有序供盤、連續(xù)送苗、氣動下壓取苗、自由投苗”等作業(yè)工序,可實(shí)現(xiàn)120株/min的高速取苗作業(yè)。建立了取苗過程缽苗力學(xué)模型,對氣動取苗機(jī)構(gòu)取苗單體布置形式、取苗氣缸工作壓力、頂苗器運(yùn)動軌跡等進(jìn)行分析和計(jì)算,優(yōu)化頂苗器U型末端結(jié)構(gòu),設(shè)計(jì)并構(gòu)建高速取苗時(shí)序控制系統(tǒng)。以60d苗齡辣椒苗為試驗(yàn)對象,在氣缸工作壓力為0.26MPa、取苗頻率為120株/min條件下,以取苗成功率、基質(zhì)破損率和莖葉損傷率為取苗效果評價(jià)指標(biāo)進(jìn)行了取苗試驗(yàn)。試驗(yàn)表明:取苗成功率平均值為100%,基質(zhì)破碎率平均值為22.46%,莖葉損傷率平均值為3.54%,能夠滿足蔬菜高速移栽的取苗作業(yè)要求。

    Abstract:

    The current seedling picking device used for vegetable transplanter was restricted by the working principle and mechanical structure, the frequency of picking seedling was mostly 40~90 plants/min per row, seedling picking had become a bottleneck restricting the development of technology and equipment for high-speed vegetable transplanting (≥90 plants/min). In order to realize the high-speed seedling picking operation, a pneumatic punching high-speed seedling picking device and supporting combined plug tray were designed. Through the operation process of “supplying tray orderly, conveying tray continuously, punching seedlings pneumatically and feeding seedlings freely”, the high-speed seedling picking operation at the frequency of 120 plants/min was realized. The mechanics model of seedlings in the process of punching was constructed, the layout of the pneumatic punching seedling monomer, the working pressure of the seedling picking cylinder, and the movement trajectory of the seedling ejector were analyzed and calculated. The structure and size of the U-shaped end of the ejector were optimized, the high-speed seedling picking sequence control system was designed and built. Taking 60d seedling-age pepper seedlings as the experimental object, under the conditions of cylinder working pressure of 0.26MPa and frequency of picking seedlings at 120 plants/min, seedling picking experiments were carried out by taking seedling picking success rate, matrix damage rate and stem and leaf damage rate as evaluation indicators of seedling picking effect. The result of experiments showed that the average success rate of seedling picking was 100%, the average substrate breaking rate was 22.46%, and the average stem and leaf damage rate was 3.54%, which met the requirements of high-speed seedling picking operation.

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王超,劉彩玲,李永磊,宋建農(nóng),王繼承,董向前.蔬菜移栽機(jī)氣動下壓式高速取苗裝置設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2021,52(5):35-43,51. WANG Chao, LIU Cailing, LI Yonglei, SONG Jiannong, WANG Jicheng, DONG Xiangqian. Design and Experiment of Pneumatic Punching High-speed Seedling Picking Device for Vegetable Transplanter[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2021,52(5):35-43,51.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-12-17
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2021-05-10
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