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圓盤頂出式水田側(cè)深施肥裝置設計與試驗
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國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2018YFD0300105-4、2016YFD0300909-04)、黑龍江省博士后落戶黑龍江項目(LBH-Q17012)和國家自然科學基金項目(52005094)


Design and Experiment of Disc Ejection Type Paddy Field Side Deep Fertilization Device
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    摘要:

    為保證水田側(cè)深施肥的作業(yè)效率、提高側(cè)深施肥裝置的施肥均勻性,結(jié)合寒地水稻側(cè)深施肥的農(nóng)藝要求,設計了圓盤頂出式側(cè)深施肥裝置。闡述了該裝置的工作原理,并對關(guān)鍵部件圓盤頂出式排肥器和風送系統(tǒng)進行分析,建立了施肥裝置排肥過程的運動學模型,得出排肥圓盤轉(zhuǎn)速是施肥性能的重要影響因素,通過EDEM虛擬仿真試驗確定排肥圓盤最佳工作轉(zhuǎn)速為10~60r/min;進行了側(cè)深施肥裝置施肥性能試驗,結(jié)果表明:各行排量一致性、施肥穩(wěn)定性均滿足國家施肥機械作業(yè)標準要求;以肥槽有效工作長度為因素,以施肥量均值、施肥均勻性變異系數(shù)和總施肥量為指標進行施肥均勻性試驗,結(jié)果表明:當肥料密度為1.15g/cm3、肥槽有效工作長度在5~20mm之間調(diào)節(jié)時,總施肥量變化范圍為137~921kg/hm2,施肥均勻性變異系數(shù)為5.96%~12.77%,滿足國家施肥機械作業(yè)標準要求;與直槽輪式和斜槽輪式側(cè)深施肥裝置對比表明,圓盤頂出式側(cè)深施肥裝置有效提高了施肥均勻性,在滿足施肥量要求的前提下,長時間作業(yè)未出現(xiàn)肥料擠壓破碎現(xiàn)象;另選擇4種不同密度的水田側(cè)深施肥專用肥,驗證施肥裝置肥量調(diào)節(jié)性能,結(jié)果表明,所設計的側(cè)深施肥裝置對常用專用肥料具有良好適應性,獲得了肥料密度在0.85~1.40g/cm3之間的肥槽有效工作長度與總施肥量的變化曲線,可應用于田間作業(yè),為機具調(diào)試應用及實際施肥作業(yè)提供指導和參考。

    Abstract:

    In order to ensure the operation efficiency of lateral deep fertilization in paddy field and improve the fertilization uniformity of lateral deep fertilization device, combined with the agronomic requirements of lateral deep fertilization of rice in cold region, a disc ejection type lateral deep fertilization device was designed, its working principle was expounded, and the key components, disc ejection type fertilizer discharger and air delivery system, were analyzed. Kinematics model of fertilizer discharging process was established, and the rotating speed of fertilizer discharge disc was an important factor affecting fertilization performance. The best work of fertilizer discharging disc was 10~60r/min by EDEM virtual simulation test. The fertilization performance experiment of lateral deep fertilization device was carried out. The results showed that the consistency of discharge amount and stability of fertilization met the national operation standard of fertilization machinery. Taking the effective working length of fertilizer tank as a factor, the average value of fertilization amount, coefficient of variation of fertilization uniformity and total fertilization amount as indicators, the single factor experiment was carried out. The results showed that when the density of fertilizer was 1.15g/cm3 and the effective working length of fertilizer tank was adjusted between 5mm and 20mm, the total fertilization amount was varied from 137kg/hm2 to 921kg/hm2, and the coefficient of variation of fertilization uniformity of lateral deep fertilization device was ranged from 5.96% to 12.77%. Compared with the straight-grooved wheel type and the inclined-grooved wheel type side-deep fertilization device, it was concluded that the disc ejection type side-deep fertilization device effectively improved the uniformity of fertilization, and there was no fertilizer crushing phenomenon in long-term operation under the premise of meeting the requirements of fertilization amount. Four special fertilizers with different densities were selected to verify the fertilizer adjustment performance of the fertilizer application device. The experimental results showed that the designed device had good adaptability to commonly used special fertilizers, and the obtained curves of effective working length of fertilizer tank and total fertilizer application with density of 0.85~1.40g/cm3 can be directly applied to field operations, which had important reference value for debugging and application of machines and tools and actual production operations.

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王金峰,尚文虎,翁武雄,王金武,王奇,陳鑫勝.圓盤頂出式水田側(cè)深施肥裝置設計與試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學報,2021,52(6):62-72. WANG Jinfeng, SHANG Wenhu, WENG Wuxiong, WANG Jinwu, WANG Qi, CHEN Xinsheng. Design and Experiment of Disc Ejection Type Paddy Field Side Deep Fertilization Device[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2021,52(6):62-72.

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  • 收稿日期:2021-01-03
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2021-06-10
  • 出版日期: 2021-06-10