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基于排種頻率實時反饋的油菜排種器設計與試驗
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國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2016YFD0200600、2016YFD0200606)和湖北省重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2020BAB097)


Design and Experiment of Seed Metering Device for Rapeseed Based on Seeding Frequency Feedback
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    摘要:

    以電機轉速作為控制目標的電控排種器,在復雜工況下存在實時播種量不穩(wěn)定、難以達到農藝要求播量的問題,為此設計了一種可根據(jù)實時播量信息進行反饋控制的油菜排種器。油菜排種器由螺管排種機構、小粒徑種子感知模塊、檢測及控制模塊和驅動模塊組成。為使種子有序通過小粒徑種子感知模塊傳感區(qū)域,對導種管進行了結構設計,使其能夠與傳感器模組匹配,從而有效減少播量漏記。對排種器進行轉速-排種頻率測定及播量準確率測試,基于測試結果構建了播量檢測準確率補償模型,從而降低播量檢測誤差。以小粒徑種子感知模塊中傳感器模組獲取的實時播量信息作為〖JP3〗排種控制器控制輸入,設計了排種器控制系統(tǒng)。臺架試驗表明,油菜排種器排種頻率在10.1~60.4Hz范圍內,排種器播量檢測準確率達到98.75%,不同轉速下的排種量穩(wěn)定性變異系數(shù)不超過1.16%。田間試驗表明,在拖拉機不同前進速度下,播種量誤差率不超過2.55%,排種量穩(wěn)定性變異系數(shù)不超過0.98%。該油菜排種器可為小田塊精量播種提供技術支撐。

    Abstract:

    The seed metering device for rapeseed was the core working part of rape mechanized seeding technology. The performance of seed metering device for rapeseed directly determined the quality of rape seeding. One of the trends to achieve intelligent sowing is to obtain sowing information through real-time detection of rape seed flow and control the sowing volume accordingly. The electronic control seed metering device that used motor speed as the control target had the problem of unstable seeding quantity in real time under complex working conditions. This problem has made it difficult for the seed metering device to achieve the agronomy requirements of sowing quantity. A seed metering device which can perform feedback control based on real-time sowing information was designed to solve this problem. The seed metering device for rapeseed consisted of a screw tube seed rowing mechanism, a detection and control module, a small grain size seed sensing module and a drive module. In order to orderly pass all seeds through the sensing area of the small grain size seed sensing module, the structure of the seed guide tube was designed. This seed guide tube can match the sensor module. It can effectively reduce loss sowing. The seed metering device for rapeseed was tested for rotation speed-seeding frequency measurement and seeding accuracy rate. A seeding quantity compensation model was constructed based on the result of test. This model reduced sowing detection errors. The seed metering device for rapeseed was tested for rotation speed-seeding quantity measurement and seeding accuracy rate. A seeding quantity compensation model was constructed based on the result of test. This model reduced sowing detection errors. A seed metering device control system was designed by using the small grain size seed sensing module to complete real-time seeding information detection, and it used the detected information as input to the control system. The control module calculated based on the set seeding information and the forward speed information measured by the hall speed measurement module. The control module converted the difference between the theoretical seeding frequency and the actual seeding frequency measured in real time by the small grain size seed sensing module into the speed difference as the controller input. The control module decided on the corresponding duty cycle. The bench test showed that the seeding quantity detection accuracy of the seed metering device for rapeseed detection was higher than 98.75% in the range of 10.1~60.4Hz seeding frequency. The coefficient of variation of seeding quantity stability of seed metering device for rapeseed was less than 1.16% at different rotation speeds. The field test results showed that the error rate of sowing quantity was less than 2.55% and the coefficient of variation of seeding quantity stability of seed metering device for rapeseed was less than 0.98% at different forward speeds of the tractor. This seed metering device for rapeseed provided technical support for precision sowing in small plots.

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丁幼春,劉偉鵬,董萬靜,陳禮源,劉曉東,靳偉.基于排種頻率實時反饋的油菜排種器設計與試驗[J].農業(yè)機械學報,2021,52(6):73-82. DING Youchun, LIU Weipeng, DONG Wanjing, CHEN Liyuan, LIU Xiaodong, JIN Wei. Design and Experiment of Seed Metering Device for Rapeseed Based on Seeding Frequency Feedback[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2021,52(6):73-82.

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  • 收稿日期:2021-01-17
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2021-06-10
  • 出版日期: 2021-06-10