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異速圓盤動(dòng)態(tài)支撐式玉米秸稈粉碎裝置設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(31971803)、中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)2115人才工程項(xiàng)目和涉農(nóng)工程類研究生自主創(chuàng)新基金項(xiàng)目(2021TC105)


Design and Experiment for Dynamic Supporting Type Maize Straw Chopping Retention Device with Different Rotation Speeds of Disc Blade
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    摘要:

    針對(duì)玉米秸稈粉碎過(guò)程中秸稈力學(xué)和能耗變化規(guī)律不明確,限制秸稈粉碎還田質(zhì)量提升,不利于秸稈還田技術(shù)在東北黑土區(qū)推廣應(yīng)用的問(wèn)題,本文基于異速圓盤動(dòng)態(tài)支撐式玉米秸稈粉碎裝置和秸稈受力狀態(tài),將玉米秸稈粉碎全過(guò)程分為秸稈撿拾階段、秸稈升舉輸送階段和入侵粉碎階段,建立秸稈各階段受力數(shù)學(xué)模型,確定其關(guān)鍵影響參數(shù)及范圍。以撿拾粉碎刀轉(zhuǎn)速、對(duì)數(shù)螺線支撐圓盤刀滑切角和撿拾粉碎刀與對(duì)數(shù)螺線支撐圓盤刀間的傳動(dòng)比為試驗(yàn)因素,選取秸稈最大破碎力、滑切切割功耗和滑切沖量為試驗(yàn)指標(biāo),應(yīng)用有限元分析方法研究試驗(yàn)因素對(duì)試驗(yàn)指標(biāo)的影響規(guī)律。結(jié)果表明,撿拾粉碎刀轉(zhuǎn)速為1950 r/min、對(duì)數(shù)螺線支撐圓盤刀滑切角為40°和撿拾粉碎刀與對(duì)數(shù)螺線支撐圓盤刀間的傳動(dòng)比為0.5時(shí),秸稈最大破碎力、滑切切割功耗和滑切沖量分別為101.71 N、1049.42W和0.032N·s。田間驗(yàn)證試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,滑切切割功耗為1150.43W,與模型預(yù)測(cè)值誤差為9.63%,秸稈粉碎長(zhǎng)度合格率為93.34%,滿足行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求。

    Abstract:

    In the Northeastern China, due to unclear change principles of force and energy consumption during maize straw chopping process, the lower maize straw chopping quality is acquired which is not conducive to the decomposition of chopped straw because of the cold weather. This limits the application and promotion of maize straw retention technology. However, the area of the cropland with obstruction factors, such as poor soil, soil acidification is about 13 million hectares, which seriously affects the food security in China. Therefore, in order to solve above problems, the dynamic supporting type maize straw chopping retention device with different rotation speeds of disc blade was designed, The maize straw chopping retention device mainly included the collecting and chopping device, which was used to collect and transfer the maize straw in the filed surface, and the logarithmic spiral supporting disc device, which was used for dynamic support for the chopping of the maize straw combined with collecting and chopping device. In addition, the logarithmic spiral supporting disc blade was designed based on the slidecutting principle and the angle, thickness and length of the cutting edge and bent angle for the collecting and chopping blade were 20°, 3 mm, 45 mm and 40°, respectively. The rotation radius of the collecting and chopping blade and the logarithmic spiral supporting disc blade all were 250 mm. According to the force status of maize stalk in the chopping process, the chopping process was divided into three stages: collecting stage, transformation stage and chopping stage. In each stage, the force equation of maize straw was established, and it was found that the angular velocity of collecting and chopping blade and logarithmic spiral supporting disc blade and slide-cutting angle of the logarithmic spiral supporting disc blade had the obvious effect. Based on the actual operation conditions and theoretical analysis, the rotation speed of collecting and chopping blade, transmission ratio between collecting and chopping blade and the logarithmic spiral supporting disc blade and slidecutting angle of the logarithmic spiral supporting disc blade were selected as the test factors, and the peak straw breaking force, slide-cutting energy consumption and slidecutting momentum were selected as the test indexes. A Box-Behnken test was executed based on the finite element analysis method because the peak straw breaking force and slide-cutting momentum in actual field experiment was impossible to be measured. The results showed that the primary and secondary factors that affected the peak straw breaking force, slidecutting energy consumption and slidecutting momentum was transmission ratio, slidecutting angle of the logarithmic spiral supporting disc blade and rotational speed of the collecting and chopping blade. When the rotational speed of the collecting and chopping blade. slidecutting angle of the logarithmic spiral supporting disc blade and transmission ratio were 1950 r/min, 40°and 0.5, which was the optimal parameter combination, the peak straw breaking force, slidecutting energy consumption and slidecutting momentum were 101.71N, 1049.42W and 0.032N·s, respectively. The field validation experiment results showed that the slide-cutting energy consumption was 1150.43 W, the error with the model predicted value was 9.63% and the maize straw chopping pass ratio was 93.34%, which satisfied with the national standard. The research can provide references for the design and optimization of the maize straw chopping machine.

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劉鵬,何進(jìn),婁尚易,王英博,張振國(guó),林涵.異速圓盤動(dòng)態(tài)支撐式玉米秸稈粉碎裝置設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2021,52(10):41-50. LIU Peng, HE Jin, LOU Shangyi, WANG Yingbo, ZHANG Zhenguo, LIN Han. Design and Experiment for Dynamic Supporting Type Maize Straw Chopping Retention Device with Different Rotation Speeds of Disc Blade[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2021,52(10):41-50.

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  • 收稿日期:2021-08-06
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2021-08-31
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