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基于氣力分配的不同肥料分層深施裝置設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2016YFD0200600)、中央高?;究蒲袠I(yè)務(wù)費(fèi)專項(xiàng)資金項(xiàng)目(2021TC011)和中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)2115人才工程項(xiàng)目


Design and Experiment of Layered Deep Fertilization Device of Different Fertilizers Based on Pneumatic Distribution
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    摘要:

    根據(jù)東北黑土地玉米免少耕播種與施肥需求,提出一種普通復(fù)合肥與緩釋肥分層施用的方法,并設(shè)計(jì)了一種分層深施肥裝置,通過(guò)理論分析與參數(shù)計(jì)算確定了分層深施肥裝置關(guān)鍵部件的結(jié)構(gòu)和基本工作參數(shù)。分析確定了影響分層深施肥裝置施肥作業(yè)效果的主要因素,選取翼鏟向后和向下傾斜角、作業(yè)速度為試驗(yàn)因素,以各層施肥量偏差穩(wěn)定性系數(shù)為試驗(yàn)指標(biāo),利用計(jì)算流體動(dòng)力學(xué)與離散元耦合仿真的方法,進(jìn)行二次正交旋轉(zhuǎn)組合仿真試驗(yàn),建立了試驗(yàn)指標(biāo)與影響因素的回歸模型。通過(guò)對(duì)試驗(yàn)結(jié)果的擬合和優(yōu)化分析,得到了翼鏟向后和向下傾斜角分別為58.11°和52.84°、作業(yè)速度為3.38km/h時(shí),上、中、下3層施肥量偏差穩(wěn)定性系數(shù)分別為8.50%、6.54%和9.10%,以優(yōu)化得到的參數(shù)進(jìn)行了裝置加工和田間試驗(yàn),試驗(yàn)結(jié)果與仿真試驗(yàn)優(yōu)化結(jié)果相吻合,滿足設(shè)計(jì)要求。

    Abstract:

    Northeast black soil region is an important commercial grain production base in China, which plays an important role in ensuring national food security and promoting national economic development. Protecting the security of arable land resources in the black soil region of Northeast China is of great significance to maintaining the bottom line of the strategy of “basically selfsufficiency in grains and security of rations”. However, the blacksoil cultivated land has begun to degenerate significantly, and soil fertility has been declining year by year. In addition, due to long-term over-cultivation, high-intensity output and lack of protective measures, some serious problems, including black soil layer became thinner, organic matter decreased sharply, and plow bottom thickened were observed. All the aforementioned problems seriously affected the sustainable development of agriculture in the black soil area in Northeast China, since the large-scale reclamation of black soil. Therefore, changing the farming system and transforming conventional reclamation into conservation tillage was the key to solve the degradation of cultivated land quality in the black soil areas of Northeast China. A layered deep fertilization device combining ordinary compound fertilizer and slow-release fertilizer application method was proposed according to the demand of no-tillage or less-tillage sowing and fertilization of corn in the black soil region of Northeast China. Moreover, the problems of single type of fertilizer applied and non-obviously effect of existing layered fertilization devices were resolved under layered deep fertilization approach. The structure and working parameters were obtained through theoretical analysis and parameter’s calculation. Main factors affecting the fertilization performance of the layered deep fertilization device were analyzed and determined. The backward and downward tilt angle of the wing shovel, and forward speed of fertilization were selected as the test factors, and the amount of fertilizer deviation stability coefficient in each layer was taken as the test index. A quadratic-regression orthogonal combination simulation test was carried out by the coupling simulation method of discrete element method (DEM) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD). A regression model between test index and influencing factors was established. Through the fitting and optimization analysis of the results, it was obtained when the backward and downward tilt angle of the wing shovel and the speed of fertilization was 58.11°, 52.84°and 3.38km/h, the corresponding fertilization amount deviation stability coefficient of the upper, middle and lower layers was 8.50%, 6.54% and 9.10%, respectively. The layered deep fertilization device was processed with the optimized parameters and verified in field test. The results showed that field experiment had a similar tendency with the simulation test under the optimized parameters, which can meet the fertilization requirements.

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楊慶璐,李洪文,何進(jìn),盧彩云,王英博,王慶杰.基于氣力分配的不同肥料分層深施裝置設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2021,52(10):61-73. YANG Qinglu, LI Hongwen, HE Jin, LU Caiyun, WANG Yingbo, WANG Qingjie. Design and Experiment of Layered Deep Fertilization Device of Different Fertilizers Based on Pneumatic Distribution[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2021,52(10):61-73.

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  • 收稿日期:2021-07-31
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2021-08-20
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