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油茶果分層采收裝置設(shè)計與試驗
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國家自然科學(xué)基金項目(52065207)和江西省科技計劃項目(20141BBF60057)


Design and Experiment of Camellia Fruit Layered Harvesting Device
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    摘要:

    降低花苞損傷是油茶果機械采摘中的難點,為此,設(shè)計了一種油茶果分層采收裝置。分析了分層采摘裝置和果枝的相互作用原理,并運用ANSYS Workbench對分層機構(gòu)與果枝作用模型、分層采摘機構(gòu)與果枝作用模型進(jìn)行應(yīng)力仿真,隨著分層膠輥距離增大,果枝彎曲程度越大,果枝橫截面上的正應(yīng)力和切應(yīng)力增加;隨著采摘膠輥間隙減小,果枝橫截面所受的正應(yīng)力和切應(yīng)力增加,通過試驗驗證了分層采摘的可行性。以分層厚度、分層深度、膠輥間隙和膠輥轉(zhuǎn)速為影響因素,以油茶果漏采率和花苞損傷率為評價指標(biāo),對贛無1油茶果進(jìn)行了采摘試驗。結(jié)果表明,影響油茶果漏采率的因素依次為膠輥間隙、分層深度、分層厚度、膠輥轉(zhuǎn)速;影響花苞損傷率的因素依次為分層厚度、分層深度、膠輥轉(zhuǎn)速、膠輥間隙;運用綜合評分法,得到采摘贛無1油茶品種的最佳參數(shù)組合為:分層厚度360mm、分層深度290mm、膠輥間隙18mm、膠輥轉(zhuǎn)速65r/min。在此工況下,油茶果漏采率為13.33%,花苞損傷率為6.33%。與未加分層機構(gòu)的采摘裝置相比,分層采摘裝置的花苞損傷率降低了6.22個百分點。

    Abstract:

    Aiming at the problem of reducing damage rate of flower bud in mechanical picking of Camellia fruit,a layered harvesting device for Camellia fruit was designed.The principle of interaction between layered picking device and fruit branch was analyzed. The model between layered mechanism and fruit branch, layered picking mechanism and fruit branch was established, and the stress between the layered mechanism and fruit branch, layered picking mechanism and fruit branch was simulated by means of ANSYS Workbench. The results showed that the bending degree of fruit branch was increased with the increasing distance of layered rubber roller, and the normal stress and shear stress of fruit branch cross section were increased, the normal stress and shear stress of fruit branch cross section were increased with the decreasing gap of picking rubber roller clearance.The feasibility of layer picking was verified by experiments.Taking the layer thickness,layer depth,rubber roller clearance and rubber roller speed as the influencing factors,and the leakage rate of Camellia fruit and the damage rate of flower bud as the evaluation indexes,the experiment was carried out with Ganwu No.1 Camellia fruit.The results showed that the successive factors affecting the leakage rate of Camellia fruit were rubber roller gap,layer depth,layer thickness and rubber roller speed,the successive factors affecting the flower bud damage rate were layer thickness,layer depth,rubber roller speed and rubber roller gap.The best combination of parameters for Camellia of Ganwu No.1 were obtained by comprehensive scoring method when the layer thickness was 360mm, and the layer depth was 290mm,the rubber roller gap was 18mm, and the rubber roller speed was 65r/min.Under this work condition,the leakage rate of Camellia fruit was 13.33%, and the damage rate of flower bud was 6.33%.Compared with the picking device without layered mechanism,the average damage rate of flower bud of layered picking device was reduced by 6.22 percentage points.

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饒洪輝,王玉龍,李慶松,王保陽,楊家林,劉木華.油茶果分層采收裝置設(shè)計與試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學(xué)報,2021,52(10):203-212. RAO Honghui, WANG Yulong, LI Qingsong, WANG Baoyang, YANG Jialin, LIU Muhua. Design and Experiment of Camellia Fruit Layered Harvesting Device[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2021,52(10):203-212.

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  • 收稿日期:2021-06-10
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2021-07-02
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