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不同灌溉方式下旱直播水稻光合特性與干物質(zhì)積累動(dòng)態(tài)
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國家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2016YFC040010101)


Effects of Different Irrigation Methods on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Dry Matter Accumulation Dynamics of Dry Direct Seeding Rice
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    摘要:

    為探究東北黑土區(qū)不同灌溉方式對(duì)旱直播水稻生長生理特征的影響,按照不同的灌溉方式設(shè)置了滴灌旱直播(DH)、漫灌旱直播(MH)和淹灌旱直播(HS)3個(gè)試驗(yàn)處理,以當(dāng)?shù)爻R?guī)的插秧淹灌(CK)為對(duì)照。通過擬合曲線定量分析了不同處理的干物質(zhì)積累過程動(dòng)態(tài)變化特征以及水稻各生育階段光合特性指標(biāo)的變化。結(jié)果表明,不同處理水稻干物質(zhì)積累量均隨著生育時(shí)間推進(jìn)呈現(xiàn)慢-快-慢的“S”形曲線變化規(guī)律,但干物質(zhì)積累量、快速增長起止時(shí)間、生長速率以及生長周期則表現(xiàn)出隨灌溉方式的不同而不同,干物質(zhì)積累量由大到小依次為HS、MH、DH、CK,其中CK處理干物質(zhì)理論最大積累量為3190.65g/m2,而DH、MH和HS處理干物質(zhì)理論最大積累量較CK增加17.74%~52.57%,為3756.81~4867.88g/m2;CK處理水稻快速積累期開始于分蘗中期,其他處理水稻快速積累期開始于分蘗中期向分蘗末期過渡階段,不同處理的水稻干物質(zhì)快速積累期均結(jié)束于乳熟期。不同灌溉方式的光合特性指標(biāo)也有所不同,抽穗開花期后,旱直播處理葉綠素SPAD較CK處理下降快;除分蘗末期外,旱直播處理凈光合速率(Pn)、蒸騰速率(Tr)和氣孔導(dǎo)度(Gs)均低于CK處理,氣孔限制值(Ls)均高于CK處理。相關(guān)分析表明,旱直播水稻干物質(zhì)積累量與葉綠素SPAD、Pn、Tr、Gs呈極顯著正相關(guān)(P<0.01)。通過對(duì)光合特性參數(shù)和干物質(zhì)積累量分析表明,旱直播DH、MH和HS處理光合特性劣于CK處理,而干物質(zhì)積累量優(yōu)于CK處理;HS處理光合特性及干物質(zhì)積累量優(yōu)于DH與MH處理。研究結(jié)果可為東北黑土區(qū)水稻種植模式選取提供理論依據(jù)。

    Abstract:

    In order to explore the influence of different irrigation methods on growth and physiological characteristics of dry direct seeding rice in the black soil region of Northeast China, according to different irrigation methods, three test treatments were set: drip irrigation dry direct seeding (DH), flood irrigation dry direct seeding (MH) and basin irrigation dry direct seeding (HS), with conventional basin irrigation (CK) as control. The dynamic changes of dry matter accumulation process and photosynthetic characteristics of rice at different growth stages were quantitatively analyzed by fitting curves. Results showed that dry matter accumulation of rice under different treatments presented a slow-fast-slow S-curve change rule along with growth time, but dry matter accumulation, start-stop time of rapid growth, growth rate and growth period varied with irrigation methods. The dry matter accumulation of rice in descending order was HS, MH, DH and CK. The rapid growth period of rice treated with CK started in the middle tillering stage, and the rapid growth period of rice in other treatments started at the transitional stage from the middle tillering stage to the end tillering stage. The rapid dry matter growth period of the different treatments all ended in the milk maturity stage. After heading and flowering period, chlorophyll SPAD value in dry direct seeding treatment was decreased faster than that in CK; except late tillering stage, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr) and stomatal conductance (Gs) in dry direct seeding treatment were lower than that in CK, and stomatal limit value (Ls) was higher than that in CK. The correlation analysis showed that the dry matter accumulation of dry direct seeding rice was positively correlated with chlorophyll SPAD value, Pn, Tr and Gs(P<0.01). The analysis of photosynthetic characteristics parameters and dry matter accumulation showed that dry direct seeding DH, MH and HS had lower photosynthetic characteristics than that in CK, while dry matter accumulation was better than that in CK; HS had better photosynthetic characteristics and dry matter accumulation than DH and MH. The research results can provide theoretical basis for selecting rice planting mode in black soil region of Northeast China.

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魏永霞,曹曉強(qiáng),冀俊超,張學(xué)文,劉慧,吳昱.不同灌溉方式下旱直播水稻光合特性與干物質(zhì)積累動(dòng)態(tài)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2021,52(10):358-368. WEI Yongxia, CAO Xiaoqiang, JI Junchao, ZHANG Xuewen, LIU Hui, WU Yu. Effects of Different Irrigation Methods on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Dry Matter Accumulation Dynamics of Dry Direct Seeding Rice[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2021,52(10):358-368.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-11-20
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2021-01-18
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