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履帶聯(lián)合收獲機(jī)式動力平臺油菜直播機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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國家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2020YFD1000904)


Devices for Rapeseed Direct Seeder on Tracked Combined Harvesting Power Platform
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    摘要:

    針對長江中下游稻油輪作區(qū)油菜播種作業(yè)常因前茬稻收后秸稈量大,機(jī)具一次進(jìn)地難以完成播種作業(yè)所有工序,且土壤含水率較高時(shí)易打滑沉陷,而聯(lián)合收獲機(jī)專用收獲利用率較低等問題,提出了一種以聯(lián)合收獲機(jī)為動力平臺配置油菜播種機(jī)組合式方案,設(shè)計(jì)了一種履帶式聯(lián)合收獲機(jī)為動力平臺的油菜直播機(jī),該機(jī)通過前置收獲平臺收集浮草殘茬,后置耕播系統(tǒng)實(shí)現(xiàn)旋耕播種,能用于稻收后未處理地表直接進(jìn)行油菜播種作業(yè),一次進(jìn)地能完成秸稈還田、種床旋耕、作畦開溝與播種覆土等工序。設(shè)計(jì)了導(dǎo)軌式懸掛升降系統(tǒng),基于ANSYS Workbench、Matlab優(yōu)化工具箱開展了靜力學(xué)分析,校核了懸掛升降系統(tǒng)強(qiáng)度并優(yōu)化了鏈傳動參數(shù),確定了整機(jī)各部分結(jié)構(gòu)與參數(shù)。通過對整機(jī)縱向穩(wěn)定性進(jìn)行分析,得到其縱向穩(wěn)定性儲備利用系數(shù)為0.198,符合履帶式機(jī)組質(zhì)量配置要求。以耕深穩(wěn)定性系數(shù)、碎土率、旋耕層深度合格率以及機(jī)具通過性與工作穩(wěn)定性為指標(biāo)進(jìn)行田間試驗(yàn),試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,工作參數(shù)設(shè)置為作業(yè)速度0.6m/s、發(fā)動機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速2000r/min、導(dǎo)草裝置風(fēng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速3500r/min時(shí),在留茬與土壤含水率較高工況下作業(yè)機(jī)具通過性和工作穩(wěn)定性較好,耕深穩(wěn)定性系數(shù)和旋耕層深度合格率均達(dá)90%以上,碎土率達(dá)83.7%,可滿足稻油輪作區(qū)水稻收獲后地表直接開展油菜播種作業(yè)農(nóng)藝要求。

    Abstract:

    There exists a large amount of rice straws before rapeseed planting operation in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River due to the special ricerapeseed rotation farming system, making it hard for conventional planter to operate all the planting process in one time, even the slipping and sinking of the tractor will happen if the moisture content of the soil is high. On the other hand, the combine harvester, which has better passing ability, stays idle after harvesting, leading to a relatively low utilization rate. As a solution, a planting scheme that can simultaneously realize rice harvesting and rapeseed planting was put forward, and a rapeseed direct seeder on tracked combined harvesting power platform was designed. During the operation, the straws would be collected by the harvester platform in advance while the rotary tillage and planting process would be conducted by the planter behind the harvester. The combine planter could complete all the processes like the straw return, seedbed rotary tillage, seedbed furrowing and seed covering in one time without any pretreatment of the rice straws in the field. In more detail, the grail-mounted suspension lifting system was designed, and the static analysis was carried out based on ANSYS Workbench and Matlab optimization toolbox. In addition, the strength of the suspension lifting system was verified and the chain drive parameters were optimized to determine the structure and parameters of key components. Furthermore, the longitudinal stability of the planter was analyzed, and the reserve utilization coefficient of longitudinal stability was 0.198 which was in line with the requirements of tracked unit quality configuration. At last, the field experiment was conducted. The tillage depth stability, soil fragmentation rate, qualified rate of rotary tillage layer depth, passability and work stability were considered to be the indicators. Under the working conditions of straw retention and high soil moisture content, the results indicated that the passability and work stability of the planter were better when the working speed, engine speed and fan speed were 0.6m/s, 2000r/min and 3500r/min, respectively. The stability coefficient of tillage depth and the qualified rate of rotary tillage layer depth were both over 90%, and the soil fragmentation rate was 83.7%, which could meet the agronomic requirements of rapeseed planting directly on the surface of rice after harvesting in rice-rapeseed crop rotation areas.

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廖慶喜,何坤,萬星宇,袁佳誠,王昌,魏國粱.履帶聯(lián)合收獲機(jī)式動力平臺油菜直播機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2021,52(12):54-64. LIAO Qingxi, HE Kun, WAN Xingyu, YUAN Jiacheng, WANG Chang, WEI Guoliang. Devices for Rapeseed Direct Seeder on Tracked Combined Harvesting Power Platform[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2021,52(12):54-64.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-12-17
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2021-01-22
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