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對輥差速式塊狀有機(jī)肥破碎施肥裝置設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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國家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2016YFD0700301)


Design and Experiment of Double Roller Differential Speed Crushing Fertilizer Device for Block Organic Fertilizer
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    摘要:

    針對現(xiàn)有施肥裝置對有機(jī)肥肥塊的破碎效果不佳,農(nóng)田條施排肥難度大等問題,提出對輥差速式肥塊破碎施肥方式,通過施肥輥相對轉(zhuǎn)動咬合喂入,將肥塊破碎的同時(shí)實(shí)現(xiàn)強(qiáng)制排肥,增大排肥率。對施肥輥齒輥尺寸、齒形及輥齒布置方式等關(guān)鍵部件及參數(shù)進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì),建立肥塊破碎受力模型和施肥量的理論模型,得到影響破碎力和施肥量的主要因素。利用離散元分析軟件建立肥塊破碎模型,通過仿真試驗(yàn)明確施肥裝置的上置施肥輥轉(zhuǎn)速、下置施肥輥轉(zhuǎn)速、施肥輥中心高度差、施肥量對破碎率的影響規(guī)律;設(shè)計(jì)四因素正交旋轉(zhuǎn)試驗(yàn),對破碎施肥裝置的作業(yè)參數(shù)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化,當(dāng)上置施肥輥轉(zhuǎn)速為238r/min、下置施肥輥轉(zhuǎn)速為374r/min、兩施肥輥中心高度差為71mm、施肥量為797g/s時(shí),優(yōu)化所得破碎率為80.3%,排肥率為99.2%;搭建對輥差速式破碎施肥裝置試驗(yàn)臺,對機(jī)施有機(jī)肥含水率8%~40%的4種肥塊進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證試驗(yàn),試驗(yàn)所得的肥塊破碎率分別為90.7%、80.8%、79.6%、76.9%,排肥率分別為95.6%、97.8%、98.2%、98.6%,與優(yōu)化所得結(jié)果的平均誤差分別為4.66%、1.66%,誤差較小,表明對輥差速式塊狀有機(jī)肥破碎施肥裝置滿足施肥要求。

    Abstract:

    Aiming at the problems that organic fertilizer is easy to agglomerate in long-term piling up and the existing fertilizer apparatus has poor crushing effect on block organic fertilizer,which is not conducive to mechanized deep construction and difficult to apply fertilizer by strip in farmland. The fertilization method of crushing organic fertilizer by roller differential extrusion was put forward to improve the crushing rate of farm manure,ensure the quality rate of fertilizer and improve the utilization rate of fertilizer. The fertilizer block can be broken and forced to discharge which can be realized at the same time by the relative rotation of the fertilizing roller. By building a test of roll differential extrusion fertilizer apparatus, the key parts of fertilization roller were designed, including tooth roller,tooth profile and roller tooth arrangement,force analysis model of fertilizer fragmentation and the theoretical model of fertilizer amount were set up and the main factors affecting crushing force and key parameters affecting fertilizer amount were got,and then the influence law was produced. A discrete element model of fertilizer fragmentation was built to clarify the rotation speed of upper and lower fertilizing roller of fertilization device and the height difference of the center of fertilization roller and effect of fertilizer amount on crushing rate. The orthogonal rotation experiment of multiple factors was designed to optimize the operation performance parameters of the fertilizer device. The results showed that the rotation speed of the top fertilization roller was 238r/min,the rotation speed of the lower fertilization roller was 374r/min,the height difference between the two fertilization rollers was 71mm,the crushing rate was 80.3%,and the fertilizer dropping rate was 99.2%. In the validation test,four kinds of organic fertilizer with water content ranging from 8% to 40% were selected to verify the optimized parameters. The results showed that the crushing rate was 90.7%,80.8%,79.6% and 76.9% and the fertilizer discharge rate was 95.6%,97.8%,98.2% and 98.6%, respectively. The average error between the results and the optimized results was 4.66% and 1.66%, respectively. The experimental results showed that the roller differential block type fertilizer applicator had high quality of broken fertilizer.

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陳桂斌,王慶杰,李問盈,何進(jìn),李洪文,于暢暢.對輥差速式塊狀有機(jī)肥破碎施肥裝置設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2021,52(12):65-76. CHEN Guibin, WANG Qingjie, LI Wenying, HE Jin, LI Hongwen, YU Changchang. Design and Experiment of Double Roller Differential Speed Crushing Fertilizer Device for Block Organic Fertilizer[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2021,52(12):65-76.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-11-20
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2021-01-31
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