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基于顆粒肥料運動模型的排肥器優(yōu)化與試驗
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國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2016YFD0200600、2016YFD0200606)和湖北省重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2020BAB097)


Optimization and Test of Fertilizer Apparatus Based on Granular Fertilizer Movement Model
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    摘要:

    針對螺旋錐體離心式排肥器排肥性能需提升、各參數(shù)對排肥性能影響規(guī)律不明確及相關理論和解析模型研究不深入的問題,建立了顆粒肥料在排肥器內(nèi)的運動模型,通過理論分析確定了弧形錐體圓盤的母線方程及影響排肥器性能的主要結構參數(shù)和范圍。采用EDEM離散元仿真軟件,開展了以排肥器錐盤離送段水平傾角δ、推板徑向偏角γ及錐盤轉速n為試驗因素,以排肥量穩(wěn)定性變異系數(shù)CV1、各排肥管道排出肥料的一致性變異系數(shù)CV2及隨機選取的某一路排肥管道的同行排肥量一致性變異系數(shù)CV3作為響應指標的二次回歸正交旋轉組合試驗,應用Design-Expert軟件分析了各參數(shù)對排肥性能的影響規(guī)律,確定了排肥器最優(yōu)結構參數(shù)為水平傾角30.4°、推板徑向偏角3.2°、錐盤轉速130r/min。為驗證所優(yōu)化排肥器的排肥性能,基于排肥器最優(yōu)參數(shù)組合,開展排肥器在100、110、120、130r/min的排量標定及性能驗證試驗,試驗結果表明,排肥器行最大供肥速率為1.6kg/min,排肥量穩(wěn)定性變異系數(shù)不大于3.12%,各行排肥量一致性變異系數(shù)不大于5.29%,同行排肥量一致性變異系數(shù)不大于2.05%,各指標均滿足施肥量要求。田間試驗表明,排肥器排肥量穩(wěn)定性變異系數(shù)不大于4.57%、各行排肥量一致性變異系數(shù)不大于6.98%、同行排肥量一致性變異系數(shù)不大于3.56%,滿足行業(yè)標準要求。該研究可為進一步提高排肥器性能及排肥器設計提供理論參考。

    Abstract:

    China's oilseed rape cultivation area is among the highest in the world, with about 6.2 million hectares planted year-round, and 85% concentrated in the Yangtze River Basin rice and oil rotation area, providing an important guarantee for the safety of Chinas edible oil supply. Precise and reasonable fertilization is an important way to reduce agricultural production costs, improve the quality and safety of agricultural products and reduce the pressure of environmental pollution. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council pointed out that supporting oilseed rape production in the Yangtze River Basin has presented new challenges and opportunities for chemical fertilizer reduction and precision application during oilseed rape production. On the basis of the spiral disturbance cone centrifugal fertilizer discharger designed in the previous stage, the problem of poor fertilizer discharge performance of the spiral cone centrifugal fertilizer discharger, unclear influence law of each parameter on fertilizer discharge performance and little research on related theories and analytical models was addressed. A model of the movement of granular fertilizer in the fertilizer discharger was established and the main structural parameters and ranges affecting the performance of the fertilizer discharger were determined through theoretical analysis. The EDEM discrete element simulation software was used to carry out a quadratic regression orthogonal rotation combination test. In order to verify the performance of the optimized fertilizer discharger, a fertilizer discharge calibration and performance verification test was carried out based on the optimal combination of parameters of the fertilizer discharger. The test results showed that the variation coefficient of stability of fertilizer discharge volume and the variation coefficient of consistency of fertilizer discharge volume in each row was decreased, with the variation coefficient of stability of the fertilizer discharge volume was no more than 3.12% and the variation coefficient of the consistency of fertilizer discharge volume in each row was no more than 5.29%. The variation coefficient of consistency of fertilizer discharge volume was decreased with the increase of speed of fertilizer discharger, the difference between the rows was small, and variation coefficient of the consistency of fertilizer discharge volume of the rows was no more than 2.05%, indicating that the fertilizer discharger was stable and met the requirements of fertilizer discharge quality. There was an obvious linear relationship between the row fertilizer supply rate and the rotational speed of the fertilizer rower, which provided theoretical support for variable fertilizer application at a later stage. Field tests showed that the variation coefficient of the stability of fertilizer discharge volume was no more than 4.57%, the variation coefficient of the consistency of fertilizer discharge volume in each row was no more than 6.98% and the variation coefficient of the consistency of peer discharge volume was no more than 3.56%, meeting the requirements of the industry standard. The research result can provide a theoretical reference for improving the operational quality of fertilizer dischargers and design of fertilizer dischargers.

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劉曉東,胡瑞,王登輝,盧邦,王萬超,丁幼春.基于顆粒肥料運動模型的排肥器優(yōu)化與試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學報,2021,52(12):85-95. LIU Xiaodong, HU Rui, WANG Denghui, LU Bang, WANG Wanchao, DING Youchun. Optimization and Test of Fertilizer Apparatus Based on Granular Fertilizer Movement Model[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2021,52(12):85-95.

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  • 收稿日期:2021-08-01
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2021-09-19
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