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微噴灌與陶瓷滲灌互補(bǔ)裝置設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2021YFE0103000)、陜西省重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2020ZDLNY01-01)、國(guó)家外國(guó)專家局“111”計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(B12007)和國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(52009111)


Structural Design and Performance Test of Telescopic Micro-sprinkler Irrigation and Ceramic Infiltration Irrigation Complementary Device
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    摘要:

    針對(duì)農(nóng)果復(fù)合種植中農(nóng)作物和果樹(shù)的根系深度、灌溉時(shí)間和灌水量等指標(biāo)存在明顯差異,采用傳統(tǒng)單一灌溉方式難以同時(shí)兼顧果樹(shù)深根和套種作物淺根的灌溉問(wèn)題,以實(shí)現(xiàn)深淺根高效灌溉為目標(biāo),開(kāi)發(fā)一種基于水壓控制的微噴灌與陶瓷滲灌互補(bǔ)裝置。在對(duì)裝置進(jìn)行整體結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)的基礎(chǔ)上,重點(diǎn)對(duì)3個(gè)核心部件:滲灌壓力轉(zhuǎn)換器、微噴壓力轉(zhuǎn)換器和伸縮裝置進(jìn)行優(yōu)化配置。對(duì)滲灌壓力轉(zhuǎn)換器開(kāi)展二因素六水平全試驗(yàn)優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì),優(yōu)選出滲灌壓力轉(zhuǎn)換器中彈性膜片的硬度(70HA)和厚度(1.5mm),該條件下,可使地下灌溉的工作壓力范圍為0.015~0.055MPa,流量10L/h,流態(tài)指數(shù)為0.004。在對(duì)微噴壓力轉(zhuǎn)換器進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)的基礎(chǔ)上,確定彈簧勁度系數(shù)為1.500N/m,可保證微噴頭在低壓下(小于0.066MPa)不噴水,理論推導(dǎo)出伸縮裝置的臨界伸長(zhǎng)壓力為0.066MPa,與試驗(yàn)結(jié)果(當(dāng)水壓達(dá)到0.066MPa時(shí),伸縮裝置開(kāi)始伸長(zhǎng),0.15MPa時(shí)伸縮裝置升至最高點(diǎn),微噴頭開(kāi)始穩(wěn)定工作)相符。制作出微噴灌與陶瓷滲灌互補(bǔ)裝置實(shí)物模型,參照國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行性能測(cè)試,并將模型應(yīng)用在日光溫室,結(jié)果表明:本裝置以水壓0.066MPa為界,低壓滲灌灌溉果樹(shù)深根,高壓微噴灌灌溉套種作物淺根系,互補(bǔ)灌溉功能良好,土壤剖面含水率實(shí)測(cè)值滿足設(shè)計(jì)預(yù)期。該研究可為農(nóng)果復(fù)合林深、淺根的高效灌溉提供有效解決方案。

    Abstract:

    In view of the obvious differences in root depth, irrigation time and irrigation amount between crops and fruit trees in agroforestry, it is difficult to take into account the irrigation problems of deep roots of fruit trees and shallow roots of interplanting crops by traditional single irrigation method. In order to achieve efficient irrigation of deep and shallow roots, a complementary device of micro-sprinkler irrigation and ceramic infiltration irrigation based on water pressure control was developed. On the basis of the overall structure design of the device, the optimal configuration of the three core components: ceramic subsurface irrigation pressure converter, micro-sprinkler pressure converter and telescopic device was focused. The hardness (70HA) and thickness (1.5mm) of the elastic diaphragm in the ceramic subsurface irrigation pressure converter were optimized through the full test of two factors and six levels. Under this condition, the working pressure range of underground irrigation can be 0.015~0.055MPa, and the flow rate was 10L/h. Based on the structure design of the micro sprinkler pressure converter, the spring stiffness coefficient was 1500N/m, which can ensure that the micro nozzle did not spray water under low pressure (less than 0.066MPa). The critical elongation pressure of the telescopic device was 0.066MPa, which was consistent with the test results: when the water pressure reached 0.066MPa, the telescopic pipe began to extend. When it was 0.15MPa, the telescopic pipe rose to the highest point, and the micro nozzle started to work stably. On the basis of the above, the physical model of the micro-sprinkler irrigation and ceramic infiltration irrigation complementary device was made, and the performance test was carried out according to the national standards, and the model was applied in the greenhouse, the results showed that the device with 0.066MPa water pressure as the boundary, the deep roots of fruit trees were irrigated by low-pressure ceramic infiltration irrigation, and shallow roots were irrigated by high-pressure micro sprinkler irrigation. The complementary irrigation function was good, and the measured soil moisture content met the design expectations. The research result can provide an effective solution for efficient irrigation of deep and shallow roots in agroforestry.

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朱德蘭,張銳,趙航,葛茂生,程琪,蔡耀輝.微噴灌與陶瓷滲灌互補(bǔ)裝置設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2021,52(12):162-170. ZHU Delan, ZHANG Rui, ZHAO Hang, GE Maosheng, CHENG Qi, CAI Yaohui. Structural Design and Performance Test of Telescopic Micro-sprinkler Irrigation and Ceramic Infiltration Irrigation Complementary Device[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2021,52(12):162-170.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-12-09
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2020-12-31
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