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Aiming to systematically reveal the regulatory effects of different drainage methods from the growth of oil sunflowers and the changes in soil moisture, salinity and nutrients, four treatments were set up, i.e., the control drainage depth during the growth period was 40cm (K1), 70cm (K2), 100cm (K3), and the spring irrigation drainage depth was 100cm. Open ditch drainage（depth 150cm） was selected as the control treatment (CK), and field trials were carried out. The results showed that the average water storage of 1m soil layer from the flowering period of the oil sunflower to the harvest of K1 treatment was increased by 0.01%~4.53% compared with that of K2 and K3 treatments, which provided effective water for the later stage of crop growth. K1 treatment stabilized the rate of soil water consumption and weakened the difference in soil water consumption in the horizontal direction. After spring irrigation, the average desalination rates of K1, K2, and K3 treatments were 49.02%, 50.43%, and 49.70%, respectively, and there was no significant difference between treatments, but the open ditch drainage was only 35.52%. The desalination rate was inversely proportional to the horizontal distance from the concealed pipe (open ditch). The intermediate point of the concealed pipe drainage treatment and the soil salt leaching effect on the concealed pipe were 7.1~8.2 percentage points, and there was no significant difference between treatments. Salt leaching difference of CK treatment was relatively small, the difference between 0.4m from the open ditch and the middle point of the open ditch was 2.8 percentage points. In the late growth period (flowering period), the soil salinity return was more serious. In the late growth period (flowering period), different treatments had soil salt return. The average salt return rates of K1, K2, K3, and CK were 28.63%, 24.20%, 20.83%, and 22.07%, respectively. K1 and K2 treatments had relatively high salinity return, but their content did not affect the normal growth of oil sunflower in the later stage. The content of ammonium nitrogen in the control drainage 40cm (K1) during the budding stage was significantly higher than that of other treatments (P<0.05), and was 30.43%, 45.90%, 14.83% higher than that of K2, K3, and CK treatments. The ammonium nitrogen content in the flowering stage was K1, CK, K2, and K3 in descending order, and the difference was smaller than that in the mature stage; there was no significant difference in ammonium nitrogen content between K1 and K2 treatments at maturity stage and CK treatment. The content of nitrate nitrogen was the highest in the budding stage, flowering stage and maturity stage of K1 treatment, which was 13.62%~30.80%, 14.33%~53.09%, 7.17%~28.10% higher than that of K2, K3 and CK treatments, respectively(P<0.05). Controlled drainage can reduce groundwater level fluctuations, make nitrogen exist in a stable form, and reduce the loss of nitrate nitrogen. Controlled drainage can increase the seedling rate of oil sunflower by 2.5~2.7 percentage points. K1 treatment increased the percentage of effective plants by 2.3～5.0 percentage points, oil sunflower can significantly increase plant height by 5.10%~14.87% and stem thickness by 6.29%~22.46% after 50 days of unearthed, increase water use efficiency by 1.16%～10.8%, increase the partial productivity of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers by 7.69%~11.16%, increase production by 4.52%~11.14%, and effectively improve the photosynthetic capacity of the leaves. From the comprehensive analysis of soil salt control, fertilizer preservation, stable production and water and fertilizer use efficiency, the controlled drainage method of spring irrigation and drainage depth of 100cm and controlled drainage depth during growth period of 40cm (K1) was a suitable choice.