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井渠輪灌下秸稈還田對土壤含鹽量與玉米產(chǎn)量的影響
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內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)科技計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目（201802065）和內(nèi)蒙古科技重大專項(xiàng)（zdzx2018059）


Effects of Straw Returning to Field on Soil Salinity Content and Maize Yield under Alternate Irrigation of Canal-well
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    為探究井渠輪灌下不同秸稈還田的耕作模式對土壤含鹽量及玉米產(chǎn)量的影響，設(shè)置“渠井渠”灌溉模式下無秸稈還田的常規(guī)耕作（CK）、秸稈表覆旋耕（BF）、秸稈深埋深翻（SM）和秸稈混拌旋耕（HB）4種處理，于2018年和2019年在河套灌區(qū)開展了井水與渠水輪灌下不同秸稈還田方式的田間試驗(yàn)。結(jié)果表明，井渠輪灌下各處理收獲后1m土體均積鹽，秸稈還田處理均顯著降低土壤積鹽率（P<0.05），BF、SM和HB處理積鹽率較CK處理分別下降8.7、12.4、6.9個百分點(diǎn)，SM處理積鹽率最小，僅為3.2%，且在20~40cm土層形成脫鹽區(qū)；收獲后CK處理不同土層飽和浸提液的鈉吸附比（SAR）較初始值提高10.2%~53.3%，土壤鈉質(zhì)化風(fēng)險(xiǎn)很大；秸稈還田處理有效降低了SAR，SM處理收獲后不同土層的SAR最小，較初始值下降了0.4%~73.0%，可有效緩解土壤鈉質(zhì)化。通徑分析表明，玉米產(chǎn)量主要決策因子是穗長，限制因子是禿尖長。BF、SM和HB處理分別較CK增產(chǎn)11.2%、19.8%、11.6%，水分利用效率提高18.4%、36.1%、21.2%，SM處理綜合效果較好。該研究可為河套灌區(qū)地下微咸水安全利用和秸稈資源化利用提供理論依據(jù)。

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    Aiming to explore the effects of different straw returning methods on soil salinity content and summer maize yield under the alternate irrigation of canal-well, field experiments with different tillage modes were carried out in Hetao Irrigation District in 2018 and 2019. The experiment consisted of four different treatments. It included conventional tillage without straw returning (CK treatment), straw surface covering (BF treatment), straw deep buried (SM treatment) and straw mixing (HB treatment) to the field under the irrigation mode of brackish and fresh water. The results showed that salt accumulated in soil at 1m after harvest under all treatments, and the treatments of straw returning reduced the salt accumulation rate significantly. Compared with CK treatment, the BF, SM and HB treatments decreased the salt accumulation rate by 8.7 percentage points, 12.4 percentage points and 6.9 percentagepoints, respectively. SM treatment had the minimum salt accumulation rate, with an average salt accumulation rate of 3.2% in two years, and the desalination zone was formed in the soil depth of 20~40cm. After harvest, the sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) of saturated extracts of different soil layers treated with CK treatment was increased by 10.2%~53.3% compared with the initial value, with a high risk of soil sodification. The SAR was effectively reduced by straw returning measure. SM treatment had the minimum SAR of different soil layers after harvest, which was decreased by 0.4%~73.0% compared with the initial value. and could alleviate soil salinization. Path analysis showed that the main decision factor of summer maize yield was ear length and the limiting factor was bald pointed. Compared with CK, the BF, SM and HB treatments increased production by 11.2%, 19.8% and 11.6%, respectively, and increased WUE by 18.4%, 36.1% and 21.2%, respectively. The comprehensive effect of SM treatment was better. The research could provide theoretical basis for safe utilization of brackish water and straw resource utilization in Hetao Irrigation District.

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鄂繼芳,楊樹青,婁帥,劉鵬,靳亞紅.井渠輪灌下秸稈還田對土壤含鹽量與玉米產(chǎn)量的影響[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2021,52(12):336-345,367. E Jifang, YANG Shuqing, LOU Shuai, LIU Peng, JIN Yahong. Effects of Straw Returning to Field on Soil Salinity Content and Maize Yield under Alternate Irrigation of Canal-well[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2021,52(12):336-345,367.

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  • 收稿日期:2021-08-19
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2021-10-19
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