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帶勺式馬鈴薯排種器漏播檢測與補種系統(tǒng)設(shè)計與試驗
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國家自然科學基金項目(51775358)、科技發(fā)展(新建)農(nóng)業(yè)機械兵團重點實驗室建設(shè)項目(KC005601)和石河子大學成果轉(zhuǎn)化與技術(shù)推廣計劃項目(CGZH201807)


Design and Test of Seeding Monitoring and Compensating System for Belt-spoon Type Potato Seed Metering Device
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    摘要:

    針對帶勺式馬鈴薯排種器作業(yè)過程中存在漏播問題,分析排種器工作過程,設(shè)計漏播檢測與補種系統(tǒng)。對檢測模塊、補種模塊、單片機模塊、顯示模塊和聲光報警模塊進行電路設(shè)計、硬件選型和機械結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計,針對整個控制系統(tǒng)的控制要求編寫控制程序,實現(xiàn)馬鈴薯漏播檢測與補種控制。采用高速攝像技術(shù),對補種模塊動作的響應(yīng)速度進行分析,結(jié)果顯示,可以滿足排種器在當前最快運行速度6.8km/h下的連續(xù)補種需求。搭建試驗臺進行系統(tǒng)漏播檢測與補種的成功率性能測試,結(jié)果表明,當取種帶線速度為0.14~0.54m/s時,原始漏播率為5.9%~11.4%,經(jīng)該系統(tǒng)補種后,最終漏播率為0.9%~2.1%,該漏播檢測模塊漏播檢測成功率為100%,補種模塊的補種成功率平均為83.0%,在試驗速度范圍內(nèi),隨著取種帶線速度的增大,該系統(tǒng)漏播檢測仍準確,且補種成功率較為穩(wěn)定。

    Abstract:

    Miss-seeding of a belt-spoon type potato seed metering device can cause significant congenital yield loss. Through analysis of the working process of a seed metering device, a miss-seeding detection module was designed. This miss-seeding detection method needed to design a detection hole on the seed metering device protection shell,seed belt and sensor protection plate. The detection process used the opposite photoelectric sensor. This miss-seeding detection method did not require a location sensor to determine the location of the spoon. By analyzing the actual working requirements of the seeder,a compensation module using electromagnet push rod for compensation was designed. This compensation method would not affect the actual working efficiency of the seeder,and it can ensure the qualified rate of plant spacing after supplementary inoculation. Through the circuit design,hardware selection and mechanical structure design of detection module,compensation module,single chip microcomputer module,display module and sound and light alarm module,the design of miss-seeding detection and compensation system was completed. The control system software was designed by analyzing the control requirements of the entire control system. In order to ensure that the response time of the compensation module can meet the requirements of continuous compensation,the response speed of the compensation module was analyzed by means of high-speed camera technology. The results showed that the supplementary inoculation module could meet the continuous compensation requirement of the metering device at the fastest operating speed of 6.8km/h. In order to test the success rate of miss detection and compensation of the system,by building a test rig for performance testing. When the speed of the seed metering belt was varied from 0.14m/s to 0.54m/s,the original missseeding rate was changed from 5.9% to 11.4%. After compensation by the proposed system, the final miss-seeding rate was varied from 0.9% to 2.1%. The success rate of the miss-seeding detection module was 100%. The average success rate of automatic compensation was 83.0%. In the test speed range,and relatively stable with increased belt line speed. In the range of test speed,with the increase of seed belt line speed,the system miss-seeding detection was accurate and the success rate of compensation was stable. The missing sowing detection and supplementary inoculation system can effectively reduce the missing sowing rate of spoon potato metering device during operation.

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溫寶琴,宋鵬翔,李景彬,黃勇,岑紅蕾.帶勺式馬鈴薯排種器漏播檢測與補種系統(tǒng)設(shè)計與試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學報,2022,53(2):36-46. WEN Baoqin, SONG Pengxiang, LI Jingbin, HUANG Yong, CEN Honglei. Design and Test of Seeding Monitoring and Compensating System for Belt-spoon Type Potato Seed Metering Device[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2022,53(2):36-46.

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  • 收稿日期:2021-10-08
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2021-12-08
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