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播期和播深對(duì)冬小麥越冬前生長(zhǎng)性狀的影響
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國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(31371528)、國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2016YFD0300201)和中國(guó)氣象局河南省農(nóng)業(yè)氣象保障與應(yīng)用技術(shù)重點(diǎn)開(kāi)放實(shí)驗(yàn)室開(kāi)放研究基金項(xiàng)目(AMF201805)


Effects of Sowing Date and Sowing Depth on Winter Wheat Growth before Overwintering
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    摘要:

    為評(píng)價(jià)播期和播深對(duì)冬小麥越冬前生長(zhǎng)性狀的影響,以農(nóng)大211冬小麥為試驗(yàn)材料,于2015—2017年在中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)北京上莊實(shí)驗(yàn)站進(jìn)行了4個(gè)播期水平(9月23日、10月3日、10月13日和10月23日)、3個(gè)播深水平(2、4、6cm)的隨機(jī)區(qū)組大田試驗(yàn),探究不同栽培措施對(duì)越冬前冬小麥各生長(zhǎng)指標(biāo)(單株葉面積、主莖葉齡、分蘗數(shù)、地上部干物質(zhì)量、分蘗節(jié)入土深度、地中莖長(zhǎng)度和株高)的影響。并于2016年和2018年開(kāi)展梯度播種試驗(yàn),設(shè)置不同播期(2016年9月23日、10月3日、10月13日和2018年10月23日、11月3日),對(duì)分蘗節(jié)入土深度進(jìn)行定量化模擬。結(jié)果表明: 隨著播期推遲,單株葉面積、主莖葉齡、分蘗數(shù)和地上部干物質(zhì)量均顯著減少(P<0.05),地中莖長(zhǎng)度和株高隨著播種深度的增加逐漸增加。播期、播深、播期與播深的交互效應(yīng)均對(duì)冬小麥分蘗節(jié)入土深度有顯著影響,冬小麥分蘗節(jié)入土深度與越冬前積溫為負(fù)相關(guān)的線性關(guān)系,隨著播期推遲分蘗節(jié)入土深度逐漸增加,冬小麥分蘗節(jié)入土深度和播深呈對(duì)數(shù)曲線規(guī)律。依據(jù)梯度播種試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分蘗節(jié)入土深度的模擬,建立了分蘗節(jié)入土深度與越冬前有效積溫和播種深度的定量關(guān)系。研究結(jié)果對(duì)于評(píng)價(jià)冬小麥地上地下部性狀、制定防凍保苗措施具有重要意義。

    Abstract:

    The climate change will lead to tremendous environmental risk. As a common agrometeorological disaster of winter wheat, the frequency and loss of low temperature and freezing injury are also significantly increased. In order to study the effect of different cultivation measurements on morphological indexes of winter wheat before overwintering, including leaf area per plant, main stem leaf age, tillering number, aboveground biomass, tillering node depth, stem length in the ground and plant height, the randomized block field trials with seven sowing dates (Oct 3, Oct 13, Oct 23 in 2015, and Sep 23, Oct 3, Oct 13, Oct 23 in 2016) and three horizontal seeding depths (2cm, 4cm and 6cm) were carried out during 2015—2017, using ‘Nongda211’ as object at the Shangzhuang Experimental Station of China Agricultural University in Beijing. The gradient deep-sowing experiment with different sowing dates (Sep 23, 2016, Oct 3, 2016, Oct 13, 2016, and Oct 23, 2018, Nov 3, 2018) was further carried out to quantitatively simulate the depth of tillering node. The results of field experiment on sowing date and sowing depth showed that with the delaying sowing date, the leaf area, leaf age of main stem, tiller number of single plant and aboveground biomass of winter wheat were decreased significantly. With the deepening of sowing depth, the depth of tillering node, stem length in the ground and the height of plant were increased gradually. The sowing date, sowing depth and the interactive effects of sowing date and sowing depth all had significant impact on the tillering node depth of winter wheat. There was a linear relationship between the tillering node depth of winter wheat and the accumulated temperature before overwintering. As the sowing date was delayed, the tillering node depth was gradually increased. And the winter wheat tillering node depth and sowing depth showed a logarithmic curve. The tillering node depth was increased with the increase of depth of sowing. The quantitative relationship between the soil depth of tiller node and the effective accumulated temperature before winter was established with the experiment data of gradient seeding depth at different sowing dates. The results could provide a reference model for further study of freezing damage.

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閆錦濤,馮利平,李揚(yáng),陳先冠,余衛(wèi)東.播期和播深對(duì)冬小麥越冬前生長(zhǎng)性狀的影響[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2022,53(2):327-335. YAN Jintao, FENG Liping, LI Yang, CHEN Xianguan, YU Weidong. Effects of Sowing Date and Sowing Depth on Winter Wheat Growth before Overwintering[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2022,53(2):327-335.

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  • 收稿日期:2021-10-02
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2021-11-22
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