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自走式果園有機(jī)肥條鋪機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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公益性行業(yè)(農(nóng)業(yè))科研專項(xiàng)經(jīng)費(fèi)項(xiàng)目(201503137)、陜西省重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2019ZDLNY01-05-02)和陜西省農(nóng)業(yè)協(xié)同創(chuàng)新與推廣聯(lián)盟重大科技項(xiàng)目(LMZD201703)


Design and Test of Self-propelled Orchard Organic Fertilizer Strip-spreader
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    摘要:

    為擴(kuò)展果園秸稈覆蓋機(jī)作業(yè)功能,解決丘陵山地果園缺少有機(jī)肥施肥機(jī)械的問題,基于秸稈覆蓋機(jī),設(shè)計(jì)了自走式果園有機(jī)肥條鋪機(jī)。整機(jī)主要由車體和條鋪裝置組成,其中條鋪裝置采用伸縮式結(jié)構(gòu),條鋪間距為1.8~2.7m,適應(yīng)在行距為3.0~4.5m的果園進(jìn)行有機(jī)肥對(duì)溝施肥或行間雙側(cè)條鋪,也可用于大田作物對(duì)行施基肥或條鋪栽培基質(zhì)。運(yùn)用離散元法對(duì)條鋪裝置的排肥口結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化,確定了最優(yōu)斜口形排肥口結(jié)構(gòu)。條鋪試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,腐熟牛糞施肥量29.40~53.10t/hm2,變異系數(shù)小于等于15.48%;菌渣施肥量21.45~75.00t/hm2,變異系數(shù)小于等于6.57%;腐熟牛糞、菌渣施肥量模型的決定系數(shù)分別為0.8713和0.9631。果園實(shí)地試驗(yàn)中作業(yè)效果良好。

    Abstract:

    In order to expand the function of the orchard straw mulching machine and solve the problem of the shortage of organic fertilizer fertilization machine in a hilly orchard, a self-propelled orchard organic fertilizer strip-spreader was developed based on the straw mulching machine. The machine was mainly composed of the vehicle body and the strip-spreading device. The strip-spreading device adopted a telescopic structure, and the spacing of the strip-spreading was 1.8~2.7m, which was suitable for ditch fertilization or two-side strip spreading of organic fertilizer in orchard with row spacing of 3.0~4.5m or applying base fertilizer along the rows for field crops or spreading cultivation substrate in strips. The discrete element method was used to optimize the fertilizing outlet structure of the strip-spreading device, and the best XK type fertilizing outlet structure was decided. The strip-spreading test results showed that the fertilizing amount of the decomposed cow manure was ranged from 29.40t/hm2 to 53.10t/hm2, and the coefficient of variation was less than or equal to 15.48%. The amount of the mushroom residue applied was 21.45~75.00t/hm2, and the coefficient of variation was less than or equal to 6.57%. The determination coefficients of the fertilization quantitative models of the decomposed cow manure and the mushroom residue were 0.8713 and 0.9631, respectively. In the field test of orchard, the strip-spreader showed a good operation effect. The self-propelled orchard organic fertilizer strip-spreader can adapt to large-scale fertilization in a hilly orchard.

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朱新華,李旭東,高翔,譚辰,鄧海濤.自走式果園有機(jī)肥條鋪機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2022,53(5):136-146. ZHU Xinhua, LI Xudong, GAO Xiang, TAN Chen, DENG Haitao. Design and Test of Self-propelled Orchard Organic Fertilizer Strip-spreader[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2022,53(5):136-146.

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  • 收稿日期:2021-05-05
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2022-05-10
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