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基于三維點云的運輸車糧箱動態(tài)均勻裝載方法研究
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國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2016YFD0701204)


Dynamic Uniform Loading Method of Grain Box of Transport Vehicle Based on Three-dimensional Point Cloud
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    摘要:

    為了解決聯(lián)合收獲機運輸車協(xié)同作業(yè)時,運輸車糧箱裝載不均勻,導(dǎo)致糧箱裝載利用率低的問題,提出了一種基于三維點云的動態(tài)均勻裝載方法。該方法利用相機獲取運輸車糧箱內(nèi)裝載物的三維點云作為狀態(tài)反饋信息,建立裝載均勻性評估方式,以最均勻裝載狀態(tài)為目標(biāo),通過實時調(diào)整卸料裝載點位置,使糧箱保持在均勻的裝載狀態(tài)。針對裝載物相互遮擋對相機形成視覺盲區(qū)的問題,通過建立裝載物的堆體模型和相機的遮擋模型,以最小期望誤差為目標(biāo)對盲區(qū)內(nèi)裝載物高度進行估計,并據(jù)此進行點云填充,從而得到能完整反映糧箱裝載狀態(tài)的三維點云。在搭建平臺進行的實驗中,對糧箱裝載過程中可能出現(xiàn)的輕載、中載和重載3種裝載狀態(tài)進行測量,并對盲區(qū)點云位置進行估計,其盲區(qū)估計的平均誤差低于5cm。仿真結(jié)果表明,動態(tài)均勻裝載方法能在有限裝載周期內(nèi),將糧箱從任意的初始裝載狀態(tài)裝載為均勻狀態(tài)。單次裝載量的平均高度增量為2cm、糧箱的初始裝載狀態(tài)為空載時,裝載物的最大高度方差為1cm2。單因素仿真結(jié)果表明,穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)下的裝載物高度方差與單次裝載量正相關(guān)。

    Abstract:

    In order to solve the low loading efficiency caused by uneven loading during the cooperative operation of combine-harvester and transport vehicle, a three-dimensional point cloud based dynamic uniform loading method was proposed. The three-dimensional point cloud of the stowage in the grain box obtained by the camera was used as a state feedback to build up the uniformity evaluation method. With the purpose of accomplishment of the most uniform loading state, the position of unloading and loading point was adjusted in real time to keep the granary in the uniform loading state. According to the established grain pile model and camera occlusion model, the height of grain bulks within camera blind area was estimated with the minimum expected error to complete the defective point cloud which caused by mutual occlusion between heaps. Three loading states of light load, medium load and heavy load which may occur during loading were measured based on the constructed experiment platform. The average error of the blind area height estimation was less than 5cm. The simulation results showed that the proposed method can load the granary from arbitrary initial loading state to uniform loading state in a finite loading cycle. The maximum height variance of the load was 1cm2 under the condition that the initial loading state of the grain box was empty and loading with average height increment of 2cm. The height variance of loading in stable state was positively correlated with the single loading amount according to single factor analysis. Compared with the traditional fixed points loading method, the loading capacity of dynamic uniform loading method was twice higher when they both stopped the loading process at the maximum loading height of 0.35m.

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王梟雄,王卓,白曉平,葛志康,趙泳嘉.基于三維點云的運輸車糧箱動態(tài)均勻裝載方法研究[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學(xué)報,2022,53(6):129-139. WANG Xiaoxiong, WANG Zhuo, BAI Xiaoping, GE Zhikang, ZHAO Yongjia. Dynamic Uniform Loading Method of Grain Box of Transport Vehicle Based on Three-dimensional Point Cloud[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2022,53(6):129-139.

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  • 收稿日期:2021-07-07
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2021-09-13
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