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馬鈴薯全壟仿形式莖葉切碎刀輥設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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國(guó)家現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系崗位科學(xué)家專項(xiàng)(CARS-09)、黑龍江省現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)協(xié)同創(chuàng)新推廣體系項(xiàng)目和2021年?yáng)|北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)大學(xué)生SIPT計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目


Design and Experiment of Potato Full Ridge Imitation Stem and Leaf Chopping Knife Roller
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    摘要:

    針對(duì)現(xiàn)有馬鈴薯莖葉切碎機(jī)作業(yè)莖稈打碎長(zhǎng)度合格率低、帶薯率高、工作效率低等問題,設(shè)計(jì)了一種全壟仿形式莖葉切碎刀輥,對(duì)刀具工作過程進(jìn)行分析,建立刀具運(yùn)動(dòng)、刀具-莖稈碰撞和莖稈撿拾數(shù)學(xué)模型,明確影響裝置工作性能主要參數(shù),完成全壟仿形式莖葉切碎刀輥總體結(jié)構(gòu)與莖葉切碎刀具設(shè)計(jì)。采用三因素五水平二次回歸正交旋轉(zhuǎn)中心組合試驗(yàn)方法,以作業(yè)速度、刀輥轉(zhuǎn)速、刀輥離地距離為試驗(yàn)因素,打碎長(zhǎng)度合格率、帶薯率為評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo),應(yīng)用Design-Expert 8.0.6.1軟件進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)處理與參數(shù)組合優(yōu)化,結(jié)果表明,各因素對(duì)打碎長(zhǎng)度合格率均具有顯著性影響,影響由大到小依次為刀輥轉(zhuǎn)速、作業(yè)速度、刀輥離地距離;各因素對(duì)帶薯率均具有顯著性影響,影響由大到小依次為刀輥離地距離、刀輥轉(zhuǎn)速、作業(yè)速度。在刀輥轉(zhuǎn)速為1450r/min、作業(yè)速度為3.5~6.7km/h、刀輥離地距離為285~317mm時(shí),打碎長(zhǎng)度合格率大于90%,帶薯率小于等于0.3%。本研究結(jié)果為馬鈴薯莖葉切碎機(jī)具作業(yè)質(zhì)量和效率提升提供了設(shè)計(jì)理論與技術(shù)支持。

    Abstract:

    Potato harvest mechanization is the weakest link in the whole mechanized production of potato, in which stem and leaf chopping is an important part of potato mechanized harvest. Stem and leaf chopping has the advantages of accelerating the separation of potato seedlings and tubers, promoting potato epidermal hardening, reducing disease transmission, reducing epidermal damage and missing harvest during excavation, which can effectively reduce the loss rate of mechanical harvest per unit area. At the same time, potato stem and leaf crushing can effectively avoid potato seedling winding operation machinery, reduce the working load of harvester, improve the reliability of machinery, improve the operation speed of harvesting machinery and increase soil fertility. Aiming at the problems of low qualified rate of breaking length, high potato carrying rate and slow working speed of the active potato stem and leaf chopper, a full ridge imitation form of stem and leaf chopping knife roller was designed, the working process of the cutter was analyzed, the mathematical models of cutter movement, cutter stalk collision and stalk picking were established, and the main parameters and value range affecting the working performance of the device were determined, and the overall structure of the full ridge imitation and the design of stem and leaf chopping knife roll were completed. Using the three factor five level quadratic regression orthogonal rotation center combination test method, the field test was carried out with the operation speed, knife roller speed and the height of knife roller from the ground as the test factors, and the qualified rate of broken length and potato belt rate as the evaluation indexes. The test data processing and parameter combination optimization were carried out with the software Design-Expert 8.0.6.1. The results showed that all factors had a significant impact on the qualified rate of broken length. The primary and secondary relationships from large to small were the rotation speed of knife roller, operation speed and the height of knife roller from the ground. Each factor had a significant impact on the potato carrying rate, and the primary and secondary relationships from large to small were the height of knife roller from the ground, the rotation speed of knife roller and the operation speed. When the rotating speed of the knife roller was 1450r/min, the operating speed was 3.5~6.7km/h and the distance from the knife roller to the ground was 285~317mm, the qualified rate of breaking length was more than 90% and the potato carrying rate was no more than 0.3%. The research results can provide design theory and feasible technical support for improving the operation quality and efficiency of potato stem and leaf chopping machine.

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竹筱歆,呂伊寧,于晶,李季成.馬鈴薯全壟仿形式莖葉切碎刀輥設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2022,53(6):140-150. ZHU Xiaoxin, Lü Yining, YU Jing, LI Jicheng. Design and Experiment of Potato Full Ridge Imitation Stem and Leaf Chopping Knife Roller[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2022,53(6):140-150.

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  • 收稿日期:2022-03-28
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2022-05-02
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