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山地履帶拖拉機(jī)坡地等高線作業(yè)土壤壓實(shí)應(yīng)力研究
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國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2016YFD0700503)和陜西省科技重大專項(xiàng)(2020zdzx03-04-01)


Distribution of Soil Compaction Stress during Contour Line Operation of Hillside Crawler Tractor
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    摘要:

    山地履帶拖拉機(jī)(配備姿態(tài)調(diào)整機(jī)構(gòu))具有良好的穩(wěn)定性和越障性能,特別適宜在丘陵山區(qū)坡地作業(yè),然而由于坡地角的存在導(dǎo)致拖拉機(jī)兩側(cè)履帶下的應(yīng)力分布極不均勻,使得拖拉機(jī)附著性和通過性均降低。本文針對(duì)山地履帶拖拉機(jī)坡地等高線行駛/作業(yè)時(shí),坡地土壤內(nèi)部應(yīng)力分布規(guī)律不明確以及如何提高應(yīng)力均勻性緩解土壤壓實(shí)等問題,在深入分析坡地工況下履帶最大接地比壓與應(yīng)力傳遞基本規(guī)律的基礎(chǔ)上,采用EDEM-RecurDyn耦合方法進(jìn)行了仿真試驗(yàn),并采取土壓力盒埋設(shè)法分別開展了基于小型坡地土槽的靜態(tài)試驗(yàn)和坡地試驗(yàn)田的動(dòng)態(tài)試驗(yàn);其中,靜態(tài)試驗(yàn)探究了不同深度土壤在含水率、初始緊實(shí)度、加載質(zhì)量及坡地角等影響下的垂直應(yīng)力分布規(guī)律;動(dòng)態(tài)試驗(yàn)探究了山地履帶拖拉機(jī)坡地等高線行駛/旋耕作業(yè)時(shí)履帶下方土壤應(yīng)力隨作業(yè)速度、車身狀態(tài)(調(diào)平/未調(diào)平)及牽引負(fù)載的變化規(guī)律;并分析了履帶張緊力對(duì)土壤垂直、水平應(yīng)力分布的影響。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:履帶下垂直應(yīng)力在各支重輪的軸線處呈現(xiàn)一個(gè)應(yīng)力峰值;水平應(yīng)力在各支重輪軸線的前、后方分別出現(xiàn)一個(gè)應(yīng)力峰值;適當(dāng)增大作業(yè)速度,可減小土壤內(nèi)部垂直和水平應(yīng)力峰值,拖拉機(jī)速度由0.5km/h增加到1.5km/h,垂直應(yīng)力峰值減小了35%,水平應(yīng)力峰值減小了27%;車身調(diào)平可以較好地提高拖拉機(jī)兩側(cè)履帶下土壤垂直、水平應(yīng)力分布的均勻性,坡低、坡高兩側(cè)的垂直應(yīng)力峰值分別降低13%和增加18%,坡低、坡高兩側(cè)的水平應(yīng)力峰值分別降低28%和增加23%;履帶張緊力由1.2×104kPa減小到8.0×103kPa時(shí),履帶下的垂直及水平應(yīng)力峰值分別減小了31%和22%,即適度減小履帶張緊力可降低土壤壓實(shí)程度。該研究可為山地履帶拖拉機(jī)相關(guān)參數(shù)的優(yōu)化提供理論依據(jù),可提高坡地土壤應(yīng)力分布均勻性、緩解土壤壓實(shí)效應(yīng)。

    Abstract:

    Hillside crawler tractor (equipped with attitude adjustment mechanism) has good stability and obstacle-surmounting performance, and it is especially suitable for operation on hilly and mountainous slopes. However, due to the existence of the slope angle, the stress distribution under the tracks on both sides of the tractor is extremely uneven, which reduces the adhesion and passability of the tractor. Aiming at the problem that the internal stress distribution law of sloping soil is not clear when the hillside crawler tractor is driving and operating on the contour line slope, on the basis of in-depth analysis of the basic laws of the maximum grounding specific pressure and stress transfer of the crawler under sloping conditions, the EDEM-RecurDyn coupling method was used to carry out the simulation test, and the method of burying the soil pressure sensor was used to carry out the static test based on the small slope soil trench and the dynamic test on the slope field respectively. The static test explored the vertical stress distribution law of soil at different depths under the influence of moisture content, initial compactness, loading quality and slope angle. The variation law of the vertical, horizontal and lateral stresses of soil under the crawler with operating speed, state of the tractor body (leveled and unleveled) and the load when the tractor drive and rotary tillage on the contour line slope was studied by dynamic tests. And the influence of crawler tension on soil vertical and horizontal stress distribution was analyzed. The results showed that the vertical stress under the crawler presented a stress peak at the axis of each roller. The horizontal stress had a stress peak at the front and rear of each roller axis. Appropriately increasing the operating speed can reduce the peak value of vertical and horizontal stress in the soil. When the tractor speed was increased from 0.5km/h to 1.5km/h, the peak value of vertical stress was reduced by 35%, and the peak value of horizontal stress was reduced by 27%. The leveling of the tractor body can better improve the uniformity of vertical and horizontal stress distribution under the crawler on both sides. The vertical stress peaks on the low and high sides of the slope were respectively decreased by 13% and increased by 18%, and the horizontal stress peaks on the low and high sides of the slope were respectively decreased by 28% and increased by 23%. When the crawler tension was reduced from 1.2×104kPa to 8.0×103kPa, the vertical and horizontal stress peaks were respectively decreased by 31% and 22%, which showed that moderately reducing crawler tension reduced soil compaction. The research result can provide a theoretical basis for the optimization of relevant parameters of hillside crawler tractors, so as to improve the uniformity of soil stress distribution on slopes and alleviate the soil compaction.

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孫景彬,褚宏麗,劉琪,雒鵬鑫,楊福增,劉志杰.山地履帶拖拉機(jī)坡地等高線作業(yè)土壤壓實(shí)應(yīng)力研究[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2022,53(7):30-42. SUN Jingbin, CHU Hongli, LIU Qi, LUO Pengxin, YANG Fuzeng, LIU Zhijie. Distribution of Soil Compaction Stress during Contour Line Operation of Hillside Crawler Tractor[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2022,53(7):30-42.

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  • 收稿日期:2022-04-12
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2022-07-10
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