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三臂回轉(zhuǎn)式水稻缽苗移栽機(jī)構(gòu)反求設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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浙江省重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2021C02021)和國家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(52075497)


Reverse Design and Tests of Three-arms Rotary Rice Seedling Transplanting Mechanism
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    摘要:

    針對(duì)前期正向設(shè)計(jì)得到的三移栽臂水稻缽苗移栽機(jī)構(gòu)應(yīng)用中存在絕對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)軌跡回程段前傾造成秧苗回帶,以及推苗角偏小造成推苗直立度差的問題,提出一種基于局部運(yùn)動(dòng)軌跡的反求設(shè)計(jì)方法完成三臂回轉(zhuǎn)式水稻缽苗移栽機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)。首先,分析機(jī)構(gòu)絕對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)軌跡和相對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)軌跡之間關(guān)系,結(jié)合原機(jī)構(gòu)存在的問題預(yù)設(shè)局部較理想絕對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)軌跡回程段軌跡、取推苗角,確定移栽機(jī)構(gòu)局部相對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)軌跡關(guān)鍵位置點(diǎn),應(yīng)用三次非均勻B樣條曲線擬合生成相對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)軌跡;然后,建立基于相對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)軌跡的移栽機(jī)構(gòu)反求設(shè)計(jì)模型,開發(fā)了基于Matlab的反求設(shè)計(jì)輔助分析軟件,優(yōu)化獲得滿足設(shè)計(jì)目標(biāo)的移栽軌跡和機(jī)構(gòu)參數(shù);最后,對(duì)三臂回轉(zhuǎn)式水稻缽苗移栽機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)、虛擬仿真與樣機(jī)試驗(yàn),結(jié)果表明:仿真軌跡、樣機(jī)試驗(yàn)軌跡與理論計(jì)算軌跡基本一致,且移栽臂推秧角較原機(jī)構(gòu)增大了9.08°以上、絕對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)軌跡回程高度大于120mm、取推苗角度差與秧箱實(shí)際安裝角誤差控制在±2°以內(nèi),滿足水稻缽苗高直立度移栽要求,驗(yàn)證了所提出方法和三臂回轉(zhuǎn)式水稻缽苗移栽機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)的正確性。

    Abstract:

    In view of the existing problems of the three-arm rice transplanting mechanism, such as the insufficient angle of pushing seedlings, and the partial absolute movement trajectory forward after planting, a reverse design method based on the local motion trajectory was proposed to overcome this problem. Firstly, the relationship between the absolute motion trajectory and relative motion trajectory of the mechanism was analyzed, and combined the existing problems of the original mechanism to preset the return section trajectory of the local standard absolute motion trajectory, the picking-seeding angle to reverse the local relative motion trajectory and key position points of the transplanting mechanism. The non-uniform B-spline curve was used to fit the trajectory. Secondly, a reverse design model for transplanting mechanism was established. A Matlab-based reverse analysis design software for seedling transplanting mechanism was developed to solve the parameters that met the design requirements of the mechanism. At last, the structure of three-arms rotary rice seedling transplanting mechanism was designed, and a physical prototype of the mechanism was manufactured. A virtual kinematic simulation and high-speed photographic kinematics bench test of the seedling transplanting mechanism were carried out to study the motion characteristics of the physical prototype of the mechanism. The results showed that the simulation trajectory, test trajectory and theoretical trajectory were basically the same, and the pushing-seedling angle was increased by more than 9.08°, the return height of the moving trajectory greater than 120mm, the difference between the taking-seedlings and pushing-seedlings’ angle difference and the seedling box’s installation angle was within ±2°, which met the design requirements. The correctness of the design method and design results of the mechanism were verified.

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吳國環(huán),俞高紅,周海麗,葛彥杰,葉阿康,王磊.三臂回轉(zhuǎn)式水稻缽苗移栽機(jī)構(gòu)反求設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2022,53(7):84-91,149. WU Guohuan, YU Gaohong, ZHOU Haili, GE Yanjie, YE Akang, WANG Lei. Reverse Design and Tests of Three-arms Rotary Rice Seedling Transplanting Mechanism[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2022,53(7):84-91,149.

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  • 收稿日期:2021-08-05
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2022-07-10
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