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基于振動排序的玉米種子胚面定向裝置設(shè)計與試驗
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國家自然科學(xué)基金項目(32071915)和財政部和農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部:國家現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系建設(shè)項目(CARS-02)


Design and Experiment of Embryo Side Orientation Device of Maize Seed Based on Vibration Sorting
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    摘要:

    玉米定向播種即種子尖端朝向一致和胚面朝向一致,可明顯提高產(chǎn)量。為了實現(xiàn)玉米種子胚面定向,設(shè)計了一種基于振動排序的玉米種子胚面定向裝置。設(shè)計了胚面定向裝置螺旋軌道上的選向機構(gòu)和定向機構(gòu),探明了玉米種子胚面定向原理,確定了選向機構(gòu)和定向機構(gòu)的尺寸參數(shù)和空間位置。采用試驗方法對該裝置的最佳工作參數(shù)進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化。以控制器輸出電壓、翻面機構(gòu)1終點到側(cè)壁的垂直距離和翻面機構(gòu)1終點到軌道表面的垂直距離為試驗因素,以胚面定向成功率為評價指標(biāo),進(jìn)行了三因素三水平的Box-Behnken旋轉(zhuǎn)正交試驗。試驗結(jié)果表明:控制器輸出電壓101V、翻面機構(gòu)1終點到側(cè)壁的垂直距離4.38mm、翻面機構(gòu)1終點到軌道表面的垂直距離7.96mm為最優(yōu)參數(shù)組合。在最優(yōu)參數(shù)組合條件下,胚面定向成功率為94.82%,且排料速度可達(dá)85個/min。為驗證玉米種子胚面定向裝置對不同品種玉米的適應(yīng)性,進(jìn)行了品種適應(yīng)性試驗,試驗結(jié)果表明所選的玉米品種的胚面定向成功率均大于91%,滿足設(shè)計要求。

    Abstract:

    Directional sowing of maize, i.e. the tip of seeds in the soil should be in the same direction and so does the embryo side, can improve crop yield. In order to realize the embryo side orientation of maize seed, an embryo side orientation device of maize seed based on vibration sorting was developed. The selector and orientor set on the spiral track of the device were innovated, the principle of embryo side orientation was proved, and the dimension parameters and space position of the selector and the orientor were determined. The optimum working parameters of the device were optimized by the test method. The experiment was employed through the method of Box-Behnken orthogonal rotating center combination of three factors and three levels. In test, dent corn seed was selected as experimental material. Combining with extensive pre-experiment and theoretical analysis, the output voltage of the controller, the vertical distance between the end point of the first orientor for turning over and the side wall and the vertical distance from the end point of the first orientor for turning over to the track surface were taken as main influencing factors, and the success rate of the embryo side orientation was taken as response index. The optimal combination of parameters was as follows: the output voltage of the controller was 101V, the vertical distance between the end point of the first orientor for turning over and the side wall was 4.38mm, and the vertical distance between the end point of the first orientor for turning over and the track surface was 7.96mm. Under the optimal combination of parameters, the success rate of the embryo side orientation was 94.85%. The verification test was repeated three times. And in the verification test, the success rate of the embryo side orientation was 94.82% with the discharge rate of 85 per minute. The actual test results were in agreement with the optimization results. In order to verify the adaptability of embryo side orientation device to different varieties of maize, the variety adaptability test was carried out, and the test results showed that the success rates of the embryo side orientation of two varieties were greater than 91%, which indicated that the device can meet the requirements of design. The research laid a foundation for the development of device for mechanized directional sowing of maize, and provided a reference for the subsequent production of seed tape of directional sowing of maize.

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張東興,于天成,楊麗,崔濤,和賢桃,張耀輝.基于振動排序的玉米種子胚面定向裝置設(shè)計與試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學(xué)報,2022,53(7):122-131. ZHANG Dongxing, YU Tiancheng, YANG Li, CUI Tao, HE Xiantao, ZHANG Yaohui. Design and Experiment of Embryo Side Orientation Device of Maize Seed Based on Vibration Sorting[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2022,53(7):122-131.

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  • 收稿日期:2021-08-13
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2022-07-10
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