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不同灌溉模式寒區(qū)稻田溫室氣體排放與土壤礦質氮特征
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國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2016YFC040010101)


Effects of Different Irrigation Methods on Greenhouse Gas Emission and Mineral Nitrogen Characteristics of Paddy Field in Cold Region
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    摘要:

    為探究東北黑土區(qū)不同灌溉模式下稻田溫室氣體排放和土壤礦質氮特征,于2019年在黑龍江省慶安國家灌溉試驗重點站測坑內進行了試驗觀測,按照不同的灌溉模式設置了控制灌溉(KG)、間歇灌溉(JG)和濕潤灌溉(CI)3個試驗處理,以當地常規(guī)的插秧淹灌(CK)為對照,研究了不同處理的稻田溫室氣體甲烷(CH4)和氧化亞氮(N2O)排放量、全球增溫潛勢值、以產量為基準的全球變暖潛勢值及0~60cm土壤NH+4N含量和NO-3N含量的變化過程,以及0~20cm土層土壤溫度和礦質氮含量與CH4和N2O排放量的相關關系。結果表明,隨著水稻生長發(fā)育進程的推進,各處理稻田土壤各土層溫度均呈先升高后降低的變化趨勢;各處理CH4和N2O排放量均呈先增加后減少的倒“V”形變化趨勢,CH4和N2O的排放峰值分別出現在拔節(jié)孕穗期和抽穗開花期。從時間上來看,CK、JG、CI處理的稻田土壤NH+4N含量拐點在分蘗中期和抽穗開花期,KG處理拐點在拔節(jié)孕穗期和乳熟期,而所有處理的土壤NO-3N含量最大值均出現在分蘗前期;從空間上來看,不同處理稻田土壤NH+4N平均含量隨著土層深度增加而逐漸減少,而NO-3N平均含量CK處理隨土層深度逐步增加,其余各處理為先減少再增加變化趨勢。土壤溫度與CH4排放量有顯著相關性,而與N2O排放量相關性不顯著;各處理土壤NH+4N含量與CH4和N2O排放量呈正相關,而土壤NO-3N含量與CH4和N2O排放量呈負相關。各處理稻田CH4累積排放量由大到小依次為CK、JG、KG、CI,N2O累積排放量由大到小依次為CI、KG、JG、CK,各處理CH4和N2O累積排放量均與CK處理差異顯著(P<0.05),從單位產量溫室效應(GWPy)來看,KG、JG、CI處理分別較CK處理降低24.98%、27.69%和24.06%。研究結果可為東北黑土區(qū)稻田減排和提高土壤礦質氮利用率提供理論依據和技術支撐。

    Abstract:

    In order to explore greenhouse gas emission and soil mineral nitrogen characteristics of paddy field under different irrigation methods in northeast black soil region of China, three test treatments (controlled irrigation (KG), intermittent irrigation (JG) and wet irrigation (CI)) were set according to different irrigation methods, with local conventional transplanting and inundation (CK) as control. The processes of greenhouse gas methane (CH4) and nitrogen oxide (N2O) emissions, global warming potential, global warming potential based on yield and NH+4N and NO-3N contents in 0~60cm soil of paddy fields with different treatments were studied, as well as the correlation between soil temperature in 0~20cm soil layer and mineral nitrogen and CH4 and N2O emissions. The results showed that with the advancement of rice growth and development, the soil temperature of each layer of paddy soil in each treatment was increased first and then decreased. The emission of CH4 and N2O was increased at first and then decreased in reverse V-shaped trend. The emission peaks of CH4 and N2O appeared at jointing and booting stage and heading and flowering stage, respectively. In terms of time, inflection points of NH+4N content in paddy soils treated with CK, JG, CI and KG appeared at midtillering stage, heading and flowering stage, jointing and booting stage and milking stage respectively, while the maximum NO-3N content in all treatments occurred at early tillering stage. Spatially, the average content of NH+4N in paddy soils of different treatments was gradually decreased with the increase of soil depth, while the average content of NO-3N in CK treatment was gradually increased with the increase of soil depth, while the other treatments were decreased first and then increased. There was a significant correlation between soil temperature and CH4 emissions, but no significant correlation with N2O emissions. NH+4N in each treatment soil was positively correlated with CH4 and N2O emissions, while NO-3N in soil was negatively correlated with CH4 and N2O emissions. Cumulative emissions of CH4 from large to small in paddy fields were CK, JG, KG and CI, and accumulative emissions of N2O from large to small in turn were CI, KG, JG and CK. Cumulative emissions of CH4 and N2O from each treatment were significantly different from those of CK treatment (P<0.05). In terms of greenhouse effect per unit yield (GWPy), KG, JG and CI treatment were decreased by 24.98%, 27.69% and 24.06%, respectively compared with that of CK treatment. The research results can provide theoretical basis and technical support for reducing emission of paddy field and improving utilization rate of mineral nitrogen in soil in northeast black soil region of China.

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曹曉強,魏永霞,吳昱,冀俊超,劉慧,劉繼龍.不同灌溉模式寒區(qū)稻田溫室氣體排放與土壤礦質氮特征[J].農業(yè)機械學報,2022,53(9):305-313,333. CAO Xiaoqiang, WEI Yongxia, WU Yu, JI Junchao, LIU Hui, LIU Jilong. Effects of Different Irrigation Methods on Greenhouse Gas Emission and Mineral Nitrogen Characteristics of Paddy Field in Cold Region[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2022,53(9):305-313,333.

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  • 收稿日期:2021-07-10
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2022-09-10
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