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油菜精量聯(lián)合直播機隨速播種控制系統(tǒng)設計與試驗
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國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2021YFD2000004)


Design and Experiment of Speed-dependent Seeding Control System of Rapeseed Precision Combined Seeding Machine
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    摘要:

    針對傳統(tǒng)油菜精量直播機多采用被動式地輪驅動排種器,高速時地輪易打滑,導致漏播、斷條等現(xiàn)象,影響高速作業(yè)精量播種效果,且手動變速箱調整播量難以實現(xiàn)播種粒距、播量的精準調節(jié)等問題,設計了一種以STM32為主控器,通過藍牙模塊與手機端微信小程序進行實時數據交互的油菜隨速播種控制系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)采用地輪編碼器和北斗接收器兩種模式分別獲取拖拉機低速和中高速作業(yè)時的前進速度,主控器分析各傳感器數據并生成電機控制指令驅動閉環(huán)步進電機帶動排種軸轉動,實現(xiàn)排種軸轉速與拖拉機前進速度匹配及無級播量調節(jié);同時利用微信小程序設置目標粒距、傳動比、地輪直徑等參數以適用于不同類型播種機,并顯示總播量、播種面積等關鍵參數;分析得出吸附種子臨界負壓為1477Pa,切換測速方式臨界速度為3.7km/h,測速范圍為1.44~12.77km/h,電機調速頻率為5Hz。臺架試驗結果表明:隨速播種控制系統(tǒng)播種性能優(yōu)于恒定轉速播種,播種速度2.6~7.8km/h時粒距合格指數大于87%。田間試驗結果表明:本系統(tǒng)搭載一器雙行正負氣壓組合式油菜精量排種器在作業(yè)速度為1.44~7.99km/h時播量誤差小于3.9%、粒距合格率不低于84%,滿足隨速播種要求。

    Abstract:

    Traditional precision rapeseed planters mostly use passive land wheel to drive seed metering device. The phenomenon of land wheel slippage is easy to occur under high-speed operation conditions. This phenomenon resulting in missing seeding and other more serious problems, which reduced the quality of precision seeding in high-speed operations. Besides, traditional precision rapeseed planters are difficult to achieve precise adjustment of seed spacing and seeding amount by manual gearbox. In allusion to the problems mentioned above, a speed-dependent control system of rapeseed precision seeding which used STM32 as MCU and realized real-time data interaction with the WeChat applet on the mobile phone through the Bluetooth module was proposed. Different from the traditional electric drive seeding control system, two speed measurement were used in this system, the land wheel encoder and BDS receiver were used to measure the forward speed of the tractor during low-speed and medium-high-speed operation respectively. When the system was working, MCU analyzed the data from each sensor and generated motor control commands to drive the closed-loop stepper motor to drive the rotation of the seed metering shaft, so as to realize the matching of seed metering shaft speed and tractor forward speed, and to realize the stepless seeding amount adjustment. Meanwhile, users could set parameters such as target seed spacing, ratio of transmission and land wheel diameter through the WeChat applet to apply to different seeders, and key parameters were obtained such as total seeding amount and seeding area. Crucial parameter calibration experiment showed that the critical negative pressure of adsorption seeds was 1477Pa, the critical speed of switching the speed measurement mode was 3.7km/h, speed measuring range was 1.44~12.77km/h and motor speed regulation frequency was 5Hz. The bench experiment results showed that the seeding quality of speed-dependent control system was better than seeding at constant speed, and seed spacing qualification index was higher than 87% when the speed range was 2.6~7.8km/h. The field experiment results showed that seeding error was less than 3.9% and seed spacing qualification index was no less than 84% at seeding speed ranged from 1.44km/h to 7.99km/h. The system met the requirements of rapeseed precision seeding and can provide a reference for the improvement of the structure of speed-dependent control system of precision rapeseed planters.

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廖慶喜,吳崇,張青松,王寶山,杜文斌,王磊.油菜精量聯(lián)合直播機隨速播種控制系統(tǒng)設計與試驗[J].農業(yè)機械學報,2022,53(12):49-58,159. LIAO Qingxi, WU Chong, ZHANG Qingsong, WANG Baoshan, DU Wenbin, WANG Lei. Design and Experiment of Speed-dependent Seeding Control System of Rapeseed Precision Combined Seeding Machine[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2022,53(12):49-58,159.

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  • 收稿日期:2022-01-19
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2022-04-10
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