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小麥免耕播種機雙導軌滑移式調偏系統(tǒng)設計與試驗
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國家自然科學基金項目(31971803)


Design and Experiment of Double-guide Sliding Deflection System for No-till Wheat Seeder
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    摘要:

    針對華北一年兩熟區(qū)玉米根茬地小麥免耕播種機作業(yè)時存在開溝器易堵塞、通過性差等問題,提出精準對行避茬的方法,設計一種小麥免耕播種機雙導軌滑移式調偏系統(tǒng)。通過理論分析構建調偏橫移機構的下懸掛臂力矩平衡、偏移距離及液壓缸受力平衡方程,確定影響調偏橫移機構提升性能與調偏性能的關鍵因素。調偏控制系統(tǒng)運用臨界比例度法對PID控制進行參數(shù)整定,通過土槽試驗平臺對調偏控制系統(tǒng)的性能進行驗證,超調量全部小于5%,平均響應穩(wěn)態(tài)誤差小于3mm,移動響應時間為2.8s。田間試驗結果表明,當行間秸稈覆蓋量、作業(yè)速度逐漸增大時,小麥免耕播種機的縱向調整距離和播種均勻性變異系數(shù)隨之逐漸增大,避茬率逐漸減小,即當免耕播種機作業(yè)速度小于等于1.4m/s,行間秸稈覆蓋量小于等于1.5kg/m2時,避茬率大于等于90%,縱向調整距離小于等于2.5m,小麥播種均勻性變異系數(shù)小于等于26.75%,可滿足小麥免耕播種機的調偏作業(yè)要求。

    Abstract:

    Aiming at the problems of easy clogging and poor passivity of the furrow opener in the operation of wheat no-till planter in annual maturing area of corn in North China, the method of precise stubble avoidance on the rows was proposed, and a wheat no-till seeder double guide sliding type deflection adjusting system was designed. Through theoretical analysis, the equations of lower suspension arm moment balance, offset distance and hydraulic cylinder force balance of the deflection traverse mechanism were constructed, and the key factors affecting the lifting performance and deflection performance of the deflection traverse mechanism were determined. The performance of the deflection control system was verified by using the critical proportionality method to adjust the parameters of PID control, and the overshoot amount was less than 5%, the average response steady-state error was less than 3mm, and the moving response time was 2.8s. The field test results showed that when the amount of straw cover between rows and the operating speed were gradually increased, the longitudinal adjustment distance of the wheat no-till planter and the operating speed of no-till planter was less than or equal to 1.4m/s and the straw cover between rows was less than or equal to 1.5kg/m2, the stubble avoidance rate was greater than or equal to 90%, the longitudinal adjustment distance was less than or equal to 2.5m, and the coefficient of variation of wheat sowing uniformity was less than or equal to 26.75%, which can meet the requirements of no-till planter for adjusting deflection operation. It can meet the requirements of wheat no-till planter and provide reference for the design of precise stubble avoidance device for wheat no-till seeding.

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張振國,郭全峰,何進,李洪文,王慶杰,曾超.小麥免耕播種機雙導軌滑移式調偏系統(tǒng)設計與試驗[J].農業(yè)機械學報,2022,53(12):59-69. ZHANG Zhenguo, GUO Quanfeng, HE Jin, LI Hongwen, WANG Qingjie, ZENG Chao. Design and Experiment of Double-guide Sliding Deflection System for No-till Wheat Seeder[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2022,53(12):59-69.

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  • 收稿日期:2022-09-20
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2022-10-16
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