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組合孔內(nèi)充式油莎豆排種器設(shè)計與試驗
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國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2019YFD1002600)、財政部和農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部:國家現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系建設(shè)項目(CARS-03)和河南省科技攻關(guān)項目(222102110032)


Design and Experiment of Seed Metering Device with Combination Hole and Inner Filling for Cyperus esculentus
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    摘要:

    針對油莎豆種子表面凹凸不平、形狀不規(guī)則導(dǎo)致的流動性差,種群壓實導(dǎo)致充種性能不佳和每穴3粒種子投種時軸向分散等問題,設(shè)計了一種組合孔內(nèi)充式油莎豆排種器。對復(fù)式型孔的外孔和內(nèi)孔長度進(jìn)行了設(shè)計,提高了充填性能;基于最速降線原理設(shè)計了回流板曲面,理論分析了回流板上端傾角范圍、安裝位置及種子在回流板上運動情況;分析了種子與強制排種裝置碰撞過程,設(shè)計優(yōu)化了強制排種裝置。利用EDEM仿真分析了種群回流運動過程和強制排種過程,探明了回流板種群運動過程,得出在傾斜角為32°的回流板安放位置回流效果較好,表明回流板可以增強種群流動性,避免種群堆積;分析證明了強制排種裝置可提高排種器的集穴效果,實現(xiàn)3粒投種一致性。最后進(jìn)行了投種一致性高速攝影試驗、排種輪單排孔排種試驗、雙因素試驗和集穴試驗,通過高速攝影分析了油莎豆種子位移及速度變化規(guī)律,其結(jié)果與數(shù)值模擬基本一致,從排種輪單排孔排種試驗得出3排型孔排種合格率差異不顯著,雙因素試驗得出在復(fù)式型孔內(nèi)孔長度為8mm、轉(zhuǎn)速為20r/min條件下,排種器合格指數(shù)、漏播指數(shù)、重播指數(shù)可達(dá)96.4%、1.5%和2.1%。在較優(yōu)內(nèi)窩孔長度和回流板條件下進(jìn)行集穴試驗,試驗結(jié)果表明在轉(zhuǎn)速為10、20r/min時集穴效果最佳。

    Abstract:

    Aiming at the problems of poor mobility caused by uneven surface and irregular shape of seeds, poor seed filling performance caused by population compaction and axial dispersion of three seeds per hole, a combined hole filled seed metering device was designed. The length of the outer hole of the inner socket was designed to improve the filling performance. Based on the principle of the brachistochrone, the surface of the backflow plate was designed, and the range of the upper end inclination of the backflow plate, the placement position and the movement of the seed on the backflow plate were theoretically analyzed. The collision process between seed and forced seed metering mechanism was analyzed, and the gathering seed metering mechanism was designed and optimized. The population backflow movement process and gathering seeding process were analyzed by EDEM simulation, and the population movement mechanism with backflow plate was proved. It was concluded that the backflow effect of backflow plate with an inclination of 32° was better, indicating that the backflow plate could enhance population mobility and avoid population accumulation. The analysis proved that the gathering seed metering mechanism can improve the hole collection effect of the seed metering device and achieve the consistency of three seeds. At last, the highspeed photography experiment of seed throwing consistency, single hole test, double factor experiment and acupoint gathering test were carried out. Through high-speed photography, the law of displacement and speed change of Cyperus esculentus seeds was analyzed. The results were basically consistent with the numerical simulation. From the single hole seed metering wheel seed metering experiment, it was found that there was no significant difference in the seed metering qualification rate of three rows of holes. The double factor experiment showed that when the inner hole length of the double hole was 8mm and the rotational speed was 20r/min, the qualified index, missing index and multiples index of the seed metering device can reach 96.4%, 1.5% and 2.1%, respectively. Under the conditions of better inner cavity length and reflux plate, the experiment results showed that the best effect was at speed of 10r/min and 20r/min.

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丁力,豆宇飛,王萬章,徐宇飛,何勛,屈哲.組合孔內(nèi)充式油莎豆排種器設(shè)計與試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學(xué)報,2022,53(12):100-115. DING Li, DOU Yufei, WANG Wanzhang, XU Yufei, HE Xun, QU Zhe. Design and Experiment of Seed Metering Device with Combination Hole and Inner Filling for Cyperus esculentus[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2022,53(12):100-115.

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  • 收稿日期:2022-09-15
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2022-11-01
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