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紅花采收機(jī)雙動對切式末端執(zhí)行器設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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國家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(31901417、52265041)、浙江省農(nóng)業(yè)智能裝備與機(jī)器人重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室開放項(xiàng)目(2022ZJZD2202)、新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)研究生科研創(chuàng)新項(xiàng)目(XJ2022G143)和新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)自然科學(xué)基金青年基金項(xiàng)目(2019D01B12)


Design and Test of Double-acting Opposite Direction Cutting End Effector for Safflower Harvester
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    摘要:

    針對紅花采收機(jī)械存在的花絲破碎率高,采收效果差的問題,基于低速對切與分段切割的設(shè)計(jì)思想,研究設(shè)計(jì)了一種紅花采收機(jī)雙動對切式末端執(zhí)行器,利用雙動刀和多工作段凸輪實(shí)現(xiàn)低速夾持切割與分段作業(yè)。構(gòu)建刀具-花絲切割力學(xué)模型,對切割過程進(jìn)行理論分析,確定影響末端執(zhí)行器性能的關(guān)鍵因素為:切刀進(jìn)給速度、刃口傾斜角和切刀刃面傾角;并以凸輪轉(zhuǎn)速(切刀進(jìn)給速度)、刃口傾斜角和切刀刃面傾角為試驗(yàn)因素,以花絲采凈率與花絲破碎率為評價(jià)指標(biāo),進(jìn)行了三因素五水平二次正交旋轉(zhuǎn)組合試驗(yàn),得到試驗(yàn)因素與評價(jià)指標(biāo)間的數(shù)學(xué)模型,對回歸模型進(jìn)行多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化,確定最佳參數(shù)組合為:凸輪轉(zhuǎn)速27.9r/min、刃口傾斜角16.1°、切刀刃面傾角19.7°,對應(yīng)花絲采凈率為91.78%,花絲破碎率為5.32%。在最佳參數(shù)組合下進(jìn)行田間驗(yàn)證試驗(yàn),結(jié)果表明,花絲采凈率為91.25%,破碎率為5.57%,與優(yōu)化結(jié)果誤差不超過5%,表明所設(shè)計(jì)末端執(zhí)行器能實(shí)現(xiàn)花絲的低破碎率采收。

    Abstract:

    Based on the design ideas of using lowspeed doubleacting knives to achieve opposite cutting, optimizing the structure of knives to avoid excessive impact on the filaments, and segmenting the cutting operation to avoid multiple cutting of the filaments, a double-acting opposite direction cutting end effector was designed to be installed on the safflower harvesting machine. A double-acting opposite direction cutting end effector on the safflower harvester was designed to achieve automatic harvesting and low loss harvesting of the filaments while guaranteeing the net rate of filament removal. By establishing a tool-filament cutting mechanics model, the key factors affecting the cutting and damage of the filaments were clarified as the tilt angle of the cutting edge, the tilt angle of the cutting edge, and the feeding speed of the cutting edge. By analyzing the conditions for the filaments not to slip for the cutter, the causes of cutting resistance of the cutting edge were investigated from the microscopic point of view, and the optimum ranges of the cutting edge tilt angle, cutting edge inclination angle and cutting tool feed speed were obtained based on the ultimate cutting stress calculation analysis and the previous safflower cutting tests in the laboratory. According to the motion state of the end effector, the harvesting operation was divided into four working sections: cam start section, cutting and separation section, cutter stop section, and cutter return section, and the cutter motion trajectory in each working section was clarified. To improve the working performance of the double-acting opposite direction cutting end effector, a three-factor, five-level quadratic orthogonal combination test was conducted with cam speed (cutter feed speed), edge tilt angle and cutter blade inclination angle as test factors, and filament removal rate and filament broken rate as evaluation indexes, and the test results were analyzed by using Design-Expert software to clarify the effect of each test factor on the indexes. The best combination of parameters was obtained with cam speed of 27.9r/min, inclination angle of the cutting edge of 16.1°, and inclination angle of the cutting edge of 19.7°, which corresponded to filament removal rate of 91.78% and filament broken rate of 5.32%. The optimal combination of parameters was used to validate the end effector in field test, and the validation results showed that the net filament removal rate was 91.25% and the filament broken rate was 5.57%, with error no more than 5% from the optimized results, indicating that the double-acting opposite direction cutting end effector can better accomplish the harvesting operation with high net filament removal rate and low broken rate under this combination of parameters. The research result can provide a theoretical basis and technical reference for mechanized harvesting of safflower to achieve high efficiency and low loss harvesting, which had important significance and application value.

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張振國,趙敏義,邢振宇,劉學(xué)峰.紅花采收機(jī)雙動對切式末端執(zhí)行器設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2022,53(12):160-170. ZHANG Zhenguo, ZHAO Minyi, XING Zhenyu, LIU Xuefeng. Design and Test of Double-acting Opposite Direction Cutting End Effector for Safflower Harvester[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2022,53(12):160-170.

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  • 收稿日期:2022-09-21
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2022-10-18
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