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插盤食葵原位脫粒收獲原理機(jī)設(shè)計與試驗
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新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)自然科學(xué)基金項目(2020D01A51)、國家自然科學(xué)基金項目(31960367)和新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)天山創(chuàng)新團(tuán)隊項目(2021D14010)


Design and Experiment of Principle Machine for In-situ Harvesting of Edible Sunflower Heads on Stalks
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    摘要:

    針對新疆插盤食葵人工取盤收獲勞動強(qiáng)度大、成本高的問題,設(shè)計一種由原位脫粒裝置、籽?;厥昭b置組成的插盤食葵原位脫粒收獲原理機(jī)?;陟o力學(xué)及運(yùn)動學(xué)理論分析,對擊打-刷脫組合式原位脫粒裝置進(jìn)行設(shè)計,并確定影響食葵脫粒效果的主要因素;結(jié)合食葵籽粒特點初步確定氣吸式籽?;厥昭b置結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù),應(yīng)用離散元與流體耦合分析方式對籽?;厥昭b置進(jìn)行仿真分析,模擬集料斗和密封收集箱的作業(yè)過程,并得到滿足籽粒收集性能的風(fēng)機(jī)作業(yè)參數(shù)。采用單因素試驗分別確定機(jī)具作業(yè)速度、脫粒刷轉(zhuǎn)速、擊打輥轉(zhuǎn)速的合理取值范圍,基于單因素試驗結(jié)果,以機(jī)具作業(yè)速度、脫粒刷轉(zhuǎn)速、擊打輥轉(zhuǎn)速為試驗因素,食葵盤未脫凈率、籽粒破損率為評價指標(biāo),整機(jī)開展正交試驗。試驗結(jié)果表明,當(dāng)機(jī)具作業(yè)速度為0.3m/s、脫粒刷轉(zhuǎn)速為130r/min、擊打輥轉(zhuǎn)速為80r/min時,原理機(jī)工作性能最佳,食葵盤未脫凈率、籽粒破損率分別為7.11%、1.13%,研究結(jié)果可為插盤食葵機(jī)械化收獲提供參考。

    Abstract:

    Aiming at the problems of heavy labor intensity and high cost in the manual harvest of Xinjiang edible sunflower heads on stalks, a machine for edible sunflower heads on stalks in-situ harvesting was designed, which was composed of in-situ threshing device and seeds recovery device. The edible sunflower stalk entered the in-situ threshing device through the nearside divider, and the stalk was guided to the roller with a strike mode by the chain and the supporting plate, and the roller with a strike mode strike the edible sunflower head to make the seeds fall off. Then the threshing brush removed the seeds at high sipping speed. After threshing, the seeds fall into the collecting hopper. Finally, the seeds were drawn into the sealed collection box by the conveying air duct. And the threshing and collection of seeds were completed. Based on the analysis of statics and kinematics theory, the in-situ threshing device of combined strike-brush was designed, and the main factors affecting the threshing effect of edible sunflower were determined. Combined with the characteristics of edible sunflower seeds, the structural parameters of the air-suction seeds recovery device were preliminarily determined. The method of discrete element and fluid coupling analysis was used to simulate the seeds recovery device, and the operation process of collecting hopper and sealed collection box was simulated and the operation parameters of the fan satisfying the seeds collection performance were obtained. Through the single factor experiment, the reasonable range of the speed of the machine, the threshing brush and the roller with a strike mode was determined. Based on the single factor experiment results, the orthogonal experiment was carried out on the whole machine with speed of the machine, threshing brush and a strike mode as test factors, and the un-threshing rate of edible sunflower head and damage rate of seeds as evaluation indexes. The experiment results showed that when the speed of the machine was 0.3m/s, the speed of the threshing brush was 130r/min, and the speed of the roller with a strike mode was 80r/min, the working performance of the machine was the best, and the un-threshing rate of the edible sunflower head and the damage rate of the seeds were 7.11% and 1.13%, respectively. The research results can provide reference for the design of edible sunflower harvesting machinery.

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韓長杰,宋東良,朱雪峰,朱興亮,袁盼盼,刁宏偉.插盤食葵原位脫粒收獲原理機(jī)設(shè)計與試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報,2022,53(12):181-192,222. HAN Changjie, SONG Dongliang, ZHU Xuefeng, ZHU Xingliang, YUAN Panpan, DIAO Hongwei. Design and Experiment of Principle Machine for In-situ Harvesting of Edible Sunflower Heads on Stalks[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2022,53(12):181-192,222.

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  • 收稿日期:2022-09-20
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2022-10-15
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