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基于ADAMS的油菜割曬機(jī)順向側(cè)鋪裝置參數(shù)優(yōu)化與試驗
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國家自然科學(xué)基金面上項目(52075210)和中國博士后科學(xué)基金項目(2020M682438)


Parameter Optimization and Experiment of Forward Laying Device for Rape Windrower Based on ADAMS
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    摘要:

    針對常規(guī)立式油菜割曬機(jī)多采用側(cè)邊鋪放方式,莖稈鋪放方向與機(jī)組前進(jìn)方向垂直,油菜莖稈鋪放角差異大、姿態(tài)各異,易導(dǎo)致后續(xù)撿拾作業(yè)喂入量波動和撿拾不徹底等現(xiàn)實問題,提出了一種油菜割曬機(jī)順向側(cè)鋪裝置,分析了關(guān)鍵部件作業(yè)參數(shù),基于ADAMS開展了鋪放質(zhì)量的仿真優(yōu)化試驗。利用運動學(xué)與動力學(xué)分析了割臺排禾口處莖稈的平拋運動過程及其落地后的定軸轉(zhuǎn)動過程,結(jié)合莖稈鋪放角形成機(jī)理,計算得出撥禾星輪齒數(shù)為7、轉(zhuǎn)動角速度為6.27rad/s,確定了排禾導(dǎo)向板曲線參數(shù)方程;基于ADAMS構(gòu)建了油菜莖稈順向側(cè)鋪裝置的多體運動學(xué)仿真模型,以機(jī)組前進(jìn)速度、橫向輸送鏈速比、割臺傾角為因素,以莖稈鋪放角為評價指標(biāo),開展了Box-Behnken仿真試驗,以鋪放角最小為目標(biāo)構(gòu)建了優(yōu)化目標(biāo)函數(shù),運用Design-Expert軟件求解得到最佳參數(shù)組合并開展了仿真和田間驗證試驗。Box-Behnken試驗結(jié)果表明,最佳參數(shù)組合為機(jī)組前進(jìn)速度0.93m/s、橫向輸送鏈速比1.11、割臺傾角117.93°,理論最優(yōu)鋪放角為15.25°。仿真驗證試驗結(jié)果表明,在最佳參數(shù)組合條件下,鋪放角仿真值為14.42°,與理論值相對誤差為5.4%。田間試驗結(jié)果表明,油菜順向側(cè)鋪裝置作業(yè)順暢、無堵塞,油菜莖稈平均鋪放角為17.25°、平均鋪放寬度為752mm、平均鋪放層高度為323mm,可滿足實際生產(chǎn)需求。該研究可為立式油菜割曬機(jī)鋪放裝置結(jié)構(gòu)改進(jìn)和優(yōu)化提供參考。

    Abstract:

    The conventional vertical rape windrower, whose laying direction of the rape plants is perpendicular to the forward direction of the windrower, still has the challenge to guarantee stable feeding rate of the following pick-up operation due to the inconsistent laying angle, highlighting a need to change the way of laying. As a solution, a forward laying device for rape windrower, whose operation parameters were analyzed, was proposed and the simulation experiments was carried out to optimize the laying quality based on ADAMS. Focusing on the moving of the rape plant at the outlet of the header, the horizontal throwing movement of the plant and its following fixed axis rotation after landing at the ground were analyzed based on kinematics and dynamics, indicating that the laying angle was related to the initial velocity and fixed axis rotation time of the plant. It was found that the main factors affecting the laying quality were forward speed of the windrower, speed ratio of transverse conveyor chain, and inclination angle of the header. Furthermore, the laying process under the coordination of the wheel and the guide plate was analyzed. The number of wheel teeth was 7 while the rotational angular velocity was 6.27rad/s. In addition, the curve parameter equation of the guide plate was also determined, and a four-bar mechanism was designed. Based on ADAMS, a multi-body kinematic simulation model of the forward laying device was constructed. By taking the forward speed of the windrower, transverse transmission chain speed ratio and inclination angle of the header as factors, the laying angle was utilized to evaluate the laying quality in the Box-Behnken simulation experiment with three factors and three levels. The mathematical relationship model between the laying angle and every factor was obtained to figure out the optimization objective function to minimize the laying angle. With the assistance of the DesignExpert software, the optimal parameter combination was obtained, and then it was validated by simulation and field experiment. The results of the Box-Behnken experiment indicated that the optimal parameter combination was forward speed of 0.93m/s, transverse conveying chain speed ratio of 1.11, and inclination angle of 117.93°. The theoretical optimal laying angle was 15.25° under this condition. The results of the simulation experiment illustrated that the simulation value of laying angle was 14.42° under the optimal combination of parameters, and the relative error was 5.4% when compared with the theoretical value. The field experiment showed that the forward laying device could work smoothly without blockage. The average laying angle, average laying width and average laying height were 17.25°, 752mm and 323mm, respectively, which could meet the demand of actual production. The research could provide a reference for the structural improvement and optimization of the laying device for vertical rape windrower.

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舒彩霞,曹士川,廖宜濤,廖慶喜,萬星宇,李運通.基于ADAMS的油菜割曬機(jī)順向側(cè)鋪裝置參數(shù)優(yōu)化與試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報,2022,53(s2):11-19. SHU Caixia, CAO Shichuan, LIAO Yitao, LIAO Qingxi, WAN Xingyu, LI Yuntong. Parameter Optimization and Experiment of Forward Laying Device for Rape Windrower Based on ADAMS[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2022,53(s2):11-19.

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  • 收稿日期:2022-06-20
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2022-08-12
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