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雙層傾斜振動風(fēng)篩式蓖麻清選裝置設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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國家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(51475312)


Design and Test of Double-layer Inclined Vibrating Air-screen Castor Cleaning Device
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    摘要:

    蓖麻脫出物組分復(fù)雜,清選后含雜率高,且沒有專用清選裝置,清選效率低,為此設(shè)計(jì)一種雙層傾斜振動風(fēng)篩式蓖麻清選裝置。首先對清選裝置總體結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì),采用雙層風(fēng)吹式同步振動結(jié)構(gòu)。其次,對裝置的振動篩、清選室、出料口等關(guān)鍵部件進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)。采用離散元法對清選篩結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行參數(shù)優(yōu)化,以哲蓖4號為試驗(yàn)物料,測定物料離散元參數(shù),通過單因素試驗(yàn),分析上篩面篩孔排列型式、篩孔直徑、篩面傾角對篩分效率和損失率的影響。確定最佳設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)為U型篩孔排列、篩孔直徑14mm、篩面傾角8°。為了獲取最優(yōu)的工作參數(shù),采用離散元法與計(jì)算流體動力學(xué)(Computational fluid dynamics,CFD)耦合方法對清選過程進(jìn)行仿真分析。對單目標(biāo)函數(shù)進(jìn)行參數(shù)優(yōu)化,當(dāng)振動篩振幅為8.43mm、振動篩振頻為6.00Hz、氣流橫向角為40.00°時,蓖麻脫出物的最大篩分效率為98.20%。當(dāng)振動篩振幅為7.00mm、振動篩振頻為7.76Hz、氣流橫向角為40.81°時,蓖麻籽粒的最小損失率為2.02%。以振動篩的振幅、振頻和氣流橫向角為試驗(yàn)因素,以篩分效率和損失率為試驗(yàn)指標(biāo),設(shè)計(jì)了正交組合試驗(yàn),建立各因素與指標(biāo)間的數(shù)學(xué)回歸模型,并對模型進(jìn)行參數(shù)優(yōu)化。結(jié)果表明,當(dāng)振動篩振幅9.00mm、振動篩振頻6.16Hz、氣流橫向角40.00°時,蓖麻清選裝置的篩分效率和蓖麻籽粒的損失率最優(yōu),分別為97.66%和2.32%。最后,設(shè)計(jì)出蓖麻清選裝置,通過臺架試驗(yàn)對最優(yōu)參數(shù)組合進(jìn)行試驗(yàn),實(shí)際篩分效率與損失率分別為93.15%和6.94%,與預(yù)測結(jié)果誤差在5%以內(nèi),同時實(shí)際所得到的籽粒含雜率為0.83%,滿足使用要求。

    Abstract:

    Castor effluent has complex components, high impurity content and low efficiency after cleaning. There is no special cleaning device. A double-layer inclined vibrating air-screen castor cleaning device was designed. Firstly, the overall structure of the cleaning device was designed, and the double-layer wind blowing synchronous vibration structure was determined. Secondly, the key components of the device, such as vibrating screen, cleaning chamber and discharge port, were designed. The discrete element method (DEM) was used to optimize the structure of cleaning screen. The ZheBi No.4 varieties was taken as the test material, and then the discrete element parameters of the material were measured. Through the single factor test, the effects of the upper screen hole distribution, the screen hole size and the screen surface inclination on the screening efficiency and loss rate were analyzed. The optimum design parameters were determined as follows: the U-shaped mesh arrangement, the mesh diameter of 14mm, and the inclination angle of the screen surface of 8°. The parameters of the single objective function were optimized. When the vibration amplitude of the vibrating screen was 8.43mm, the vibration frequency of the vibrating screen was 6Hz, and the transverse angle of the air flow was 40°, the maximum screening efficiency of castor effluent was 98.20%. When the vibrating screen amplitude was 7mm, the vibrating frequency was 7.76Hz, and the transverse angle of air flow was 40.81°, the minimum loss rate of castor seeds was 2.02%. Through the single factor test, the effects of the distribution form, size and inclination angle of the upper screen surface on the screening efficiency and loss rate were analyzed, and then the best distribution form, size and inclination angle of the screen surface were determined. In order to obtain the optimal working parameters, the coupling method of discrete element method and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was applied to simulate and analyze the cleaning process. Taking the amplitude, vibration frequency and transverse angle of air flow of vibrating screen as test factors, the screening efficiency and loss rate as test indexes, the ternary quadratic orthogonal combination test was designed. The mathematical regression model between each factor and index was established, and the parameters of the model were optimized. The results showed that when the amplitude of the vibrating screen was 9.00mm, the vibration frequency of the vibrating screen was 6.16Hz and the transverse angle of the air flow was 40.00°, the screening efficiency of the castor cleaning device and the loss rate of castor seeds were the best, which were 97.66% and 2.32% respectively. Through the bench test, the optimal parameter combination was tested. The actual efficiency and loss rate were 93.15% and 6.94% respectively, and the error with the predicted results was controlled within 5%. At the same time, the actual grain impurity content was 0.83%, which met the application requirements. The research result can provide a theoretical basis for the design of castor cleaning device.

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侯俊銘,任兆坦,朱紅杰.雙層傾斜振動風(fēng)篩式蓖麻清選裝置設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報,2022,53(s2):39-51. HOU Junming, REN Zhaotan, ZHU Hongjie. Design and Test of Double-layer Inclined Vibrating Air-screen Castor Cleaning Device[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2022,53(s2):39-51.

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  • 收稿日期:2022-06-22
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2022-07-22
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