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In order to explore the soil disturbance mechanism of the chisel plow and build a simulation model between viscous black soil and the tillage components, the operation effect was compared with subsoiling shovel and the micro disturbance mechanism and macro disturbance state of chisel plow on soil was studied, and a farming simulation model suitable for the soil in Northeast China was established. The simulation and test results showed that the subsoiling shovel sheared and destroyed the soil, lifted and fell the tillage layer and plow bottom layer, loosened the soil without turning over, and did not damage the original topsoil soil structure. The test value of soil swelling was 12.4%, the test value of soil disturbance coefficient was 59.4%, the disturbance area of longitudinal section was 52.586mm2, and the disturbance area of top view was 116.779mm2, the chisel plow compressed and destroyed the soil, ploughs the bottom soil to the surface, and destroyed the original plough soil structure. The test value of soil swelling was 14.1%, the test value of soil disturbance coefficient was 64.1%, the disturbance area of longitudinal section was 54.128mm2, and the disturbance area of top view was 233.061mm2. Compared with the data after subsoiling shovel operation, chisel plow can achieve more obvious soil disturbance effect. At the same time, the discrete element soil tillage model under the condition of heavy black soil in Northeast China was established. The Hertz-Mindlin with JKR Cohesion model was selected as the soil contact model, and the technical parameters of the simulation model were determined. The simulation and the soil disturbance cross-sectional profile obtained from the test were basically fitted. The relative errors between the simulation value and the test value of soil bulkiness and soil disturbance coefficient were 17% and 4.4%, which can meet the data error range of simulation and simulation, which provided basic data for discrete element simulation analysis of soil tillage components in Northeast China.