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深松方式對(duì)山地?zé)煾敌螒B(tài)與烤煙性狀的影響
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國家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(51865022)


Effects of Subsoiling Methods on Root Morphology and Flue-cured Tobacco Traits of Mountain Tobacco
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    摘要:

    為探討不同深松方式對(duì)山地?zé)煾敌螒B(tài)及烤煙性狀的影響,尋求培育山地?zé)煹膬?yōu)良措施,通過設(shè)置改進(jìn)深松(NS)、傳統(tǒng)深松(TS)、不深松(CK)3個(gè)處理,開展了田間試驗(yàn)。結(jié)果表明:自主設(shè)計(jì)的深松鏟與傳統(tǒng)鑿式深松鏟相比,土壤擾動(dòng)系數(shù)提高了14.79個(gè)百分點(diǎn)、耕后土壤地下30cm處的土壤緊實(shí)度減小了53.95%、土壤容重變化率提高了5.84%;改進(jìn)深松處理后土壤與傳統(tǒng)深松相比,栽植的煙株在成熟初期的總根長、根表面積、根體積、株高、莖圍、葉面積指數(shù)、最大葉長、最大葉寬、地下部干物質(zhì)量、地上部干物質(zhì)量、產(chǎn)量、上等煙比例分別增加了33.80%、30.41%、45.67%、18.36%、10.72%、16.53%、4.02%、2.15%、28.26%、18.28%、6.43%、4.11%,有效葉片數(shù)均增加了一片葉,均價(jià)和產(chǎn)值分別增加了4.83%和11.63%,而與未進(jìn)行深松作業(yè)的對(duì)照組相比,上述各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)均大幅提升。研究表明:深松措施能有效地改善云南省山地?zé)煙熖锏母麑咏Y(jié)構(gòu),從而促進(jìn)山地?zé)煹母瞪L,使根系吸收更多的水分、養(yǎng)分以供給地上部發(fā)育,提高煙葉干物質(zhì)量,使經(jīng)濟(jì)性狀的表現(xiàn)更佳。自主設(shè)計(jì)的深松鏟及其配套搭載機(jī)具,在云南滇中煙區(qū)進(jìn)行深松作業(yè)的效果更為顯著。

    Abstract:

    In order to discuss the influence of different subsoiling methods on root morphology and tobacco-curing characteristics of mountain tobacco, verify the actual effect of the new-type subsoiling shovel independently designed, and seek excellent measures for cultivating mountain tobacco, field tests were carried out by setting three treatments: improved subsoiling (NS), traditional subsoiling (TS) and no subsoiling (CK). The results showed that compared with traditional chisel-type subsoiling shovel, the soil disturbance coefficient was increased by 14.79 percentage points, the soil compactness was decreased by 53.95% and the change rate of soil bulk density was increased by 5.84% at 30cm underground after tillage. Compared with traditional subsoiling, the total root length, root surface area, root volume, plant height, stem circumference, leaf area index, maximum leaf length, maximum leaf width, underground dry matter weight, aboveground dry matter weight, yield and upper leaves of planted tobacco were increased by 33.80%, 30.41%, 45.67%, 18.36%, 10.72%, 16.53%, 4.02%, 2.15%, 28.26%, 18.28%, 6.43% and 4.11%, respectively at the early stage of maturity,the number of effective leaves increased by one leaf, the average price and output value was increased by 4.83% and 11.63%, respectively, while the above indexes were significantly improved compared with the control group without subsoiling operation. It was found that subsoiling can effectively improve the tillage structure of mountain tobacco fields in Yunnan Province, thus promoting the root growth of mountain tobacco, enabling the root to absorb more water and nutrients for the above-ground development, improving the dry matter weight of tobacco leaves and the economic performance. Independently designed type subsoiling spade and its supporting carrying machine had more remarkable effect on subsoiling operation in middle Yunnan Province.

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朱惠斌,趙浩然,左玉坤,白麗珍,馬世驁,張旭.深松方式對(duì)山地?zé)煾敌螒B(tài)與烤煙性狀的影響[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2022,53(s2):60-68. ZHU Huibin, ZHAO Haoran, ZUO Yukun, BAI Lizhen, MA Shiao, ZHANG Xu. Effects of Subsoiling Methods on Root Morphology and Flue-cured Tobacco Traits of Mountain Tobacco[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2022,53(s2):60-68.

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  • 收稿日期:2022-06-12
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2022-07-30
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