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桑園自走式變比配肥定向撒肥機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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財(cái)政部和農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部:國(guó)家現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系建設(shè)專項(xiàng)(CARS-18-ZJ0402)、山東省農(nóng)業(yè)重大應(yīng)用技術(shù)創(chuàng)新項(xiàng)目(SD2019NJ014)、山東省蠶桑產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系項(xiàng)目(SDAIT-18-06)和山東省重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(公益類)(2017GNC12104)


Development and Test of Self-walking Mulberry Garden Integrated Machine with Variable Proportion and Directional Disperse Fertilization
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    摘要:

    為實(shí)現(xiàn)桑園內(nèi)氮、磷、鉀和有機(jī)肥按需均衡施肥,保障桑葉產(chǎn)量、質(zhì)量,減小肥料不合理使用造成的面源污染,設(shè)計(jì)了一種能夠變比配肥和定向撒肥的桑園自走式變比配肥定向撒肥機(jī)。根據(jù)桑園農(nóng)藝要求設(shè)計(jì)的整機(jī)長(zhǎng)為1450mm、寬為655mm、高為1141mm,并對(duì)履帶行走系統(tǒng)、變比配肥摻混機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)。通過(guò)離散元法對(duì)變比配肥摻混過(guò)程和撒肥盤撒肥效果進(jìn)行仿真分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)槽輪轉(zhuǎn)速在20~80r/min范圍內(nèi),配肥偏離度標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差低于0.4,摻混均勻性較好;拋撒肥料時(shí),曲線形葉片撒肥盤肥料分布呈對(duì)稱形狀,撒肥效果較好。通過(guò)正交試驗(yàn)優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)定向撒肥板長(zhǎng)度為450mm、高度為80mm、折彎角為100°。通過(guò)響應(yīng)面法分析因素對(duì)撒肥分布變異系數(shù)的影響,主次順序?yàn)椋喝龇时P轉(zhuǎn)速、碰撞摻混腔收料口與撒肥盤中心距離、整機(jī)作業(yè)速度,并確定較優(yōu)工作參數(shù):撒肥盤轉(zhuǎn)速為290.1r/min、碰撞摻混腔收料口與撒肥盤中心距離為88.2mm、整機(jī)作業(yè)速度范圍為0.5~0.7m/s。通過(guò)田間試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證,桑園自走式變比配肥定向撒肥機(jī)工作時(shí)撒肥分布變異系數(shù)低于40%,試驗(yàn)表明自走式桑園變比配肥定向撒肥一體機(jī)田間工作時(shí)具有較高的可靠性。

    Abstract:

    A self-walking mulberry garden integrated machine with variable proportion and directional disperse fertilization was developed to balanced fertilization of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic fertilizers on demand and reduce non-point source pollution caused by unreasonable use of fertilization. The length, width and height of the integrated machine designed according to the planting row spacing of mulberry garden were 1450mm, 655mm and 1141mm, respectively, and the key components were designed. It was found that the standard deviation of the fertilizer application deviation was less than 0.4 when the roating speed of the flute-wheel was in the range of 20 ~ 80r/min. The distribution of the curved leaves was symmetrical and the fertilization effect was better. The orthogonal test was used to optimize the directional fertilization plate. The better combination of the directional fertilization plate was 450mm in length, 80mm in height and 100°in bending angle. Through response surface analysis, the influence order of the factors on the variation coefficient of fertilizer distribution was as follows: the speed of the fertilizer disperse plate, the distance between the receiving port of the collision blending device and the center of the fertilizer disperse plate, the working speed of the machine. The working parameters were optimized. The optimization results were that the speed of the fertilizer disperse plate was 290.1r/min, the distance between the receiving port of the collision blending device and the center of the fertilizer disperse plate was 88.2mm and the working speed of the machine was 0.5~0.7 m/s. It was verified that the variation coefficient of fertilizer distribution was less than 40% when the self-walking mulberry garden integrated machine working at the field experiment. The research result can provide a reference for the balanced fertilization of mulberry garden on demand.

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劉莫塵,趙慶吉,韓守強(qiáng),宋占華,李法德,閆銀發(fā).桑園自走式變比配肥定向撒肥機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2022,53(s2):120-130. LIU Mochen, ZHAO Qingji, HAN Shouqiang, SONG Zhanhua, LI Fade, YAN Yinfa. Development and Test of Self-walking Mulberry Garden Integrated Machine with Variable Proportion and Directional Disperse Fertilization[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2022,53(s2):120-130.

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  • 收稿日期:2022-07-01
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2022-08-01
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