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玉米果穗深床層熱風干燥特性試驗
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山東省重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2021CXGC010807)、山東省農(nóng)業(yè)科學院農(nóng)業(yè)科技創(chuàng)新工程項目(CXGC2022E16)和山東省自然科學基金項目(ZR2019PEE047)


Hot Air Drying Characteristics in Deep Bed of Corn Ear
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    摘要:

    為了提高玉米果穗干燥均勻性和干燥效率,降低干燥品質損失,通過研制玉米果穗深床層干燥試驗臺,并進行不同風速(0.5、1m/s)、熱風溫度(常溫(即室溫),50、60、70℃)以及料層厚度(180、360、540、720mm)下玉米果穗干燥特性以及品質試驗研究,確定最佳的玉米果穗深床層干燥工藝與參數(shù)。試驗結果表明,提高熱風溫度和風速均會提高干燥速率,風速0.5m/s時,熱風溫度50、60、70℃條件下第1層的干燥時間分別為28、20、14h,而常溫通風干燥下192h后含水率僅下降到20%,隨著熱風溫度的降低,干燥時間顯著延長;提高熱風風速有利于提高干燥速率,第3、4層玉米果穗干燥速率受風速的影響大于第1、2層;隨著料層的增加,各干燥條件下干燥速率顯著降低,干燥時間延長;常溫條件下果穗各料層長時間處于高濕環(huán)境,從而在玉米果穗高含水率階段采用常溫通風干燥方式容易造成內部高濕和發(fā)熱現(xiàn)象;干燥過程中玉米籽粒含水率先下降,果穗芯軸的含水率高于籽粒。與對照組相比,各組干燥物料的亮度均下降,提高熱風風速和溫度會降低亮度;常溫通風干燥玉米籽粒電導率最低,隨著溫度和風速的提高,電導率升高,表明籽粒內部結構破壞較大;干燥后玉米籽粒淀粉含量和可溶性糖含量均有所減小,其中70℃、0.5m/s條件下玉米淀粉含量最低,60℃和70℃、0.5m/s條件下玉米可溶性糖含量較低。根據(jù)研究結果,確定玉米果穗深床層干燥工藝為先熱風干燥后常溫通風干燥的方式,熱風溫度50℃或60℃、風速0.5m/s、通風管路單側料層厚度為360mm為較優(yōu)的果穗熱風干燥工藝參數(shù)。

    Abstract:

    Aiming to improve the drying uniformity of corn ear and drying efficiency, reduce the quality loss, and optimize the design of drying and storage equipment for corn ear, a deep bed drying test equipment of corn ear was designed according to the drying technical requirements. The drying test equipment included hot air device, drying section, control system, temperature and humidity monitoring components. The corn ear drying characteristics and quality experiment were conducted at different wind speeds (0.5m/s and 1m/s), hot air temperature (room temperature, 50℃, 60℃ and 70℃) and material layer thickness (180mm, 360mm, 540mm and 720mm). The result showed that with the increasing of hot air temperature and wind speed, the drying rate was improved. When the wind speed was 0.5m/s, the drying time of the first material layer under the hot air temperature of 50℃, 60℃ and 70℃ was 28h, 20h and 14h, respectively. However, the moisture content (wet basis) of corn ear at room temperature drying only dropped to 20% after 192h. With the decrease of the hot air temperature, the drying time was significantly prolonged. Increasing hot air speed was beneficial forimproving the drying rate. The change of the drying rate of corn ears in the third and fourth material layersinfluenced by hot air speed was greater than that of the first or second layers. When the hot air temperature was 50℃, the drying time at the first material layer under the wind speed of 1m/s was 14.3% lower than the wind speed of 0.5m/s. With the increase of material layers, the drying rate under each drying condition was significantly reduced, and the drying time was prolonged. The material layer of corn ear at room temperature drying conditions was in a high-humidity environment for a long time. Drying corn ear in the stage of high water content by the natural ventilation method was easy to cause internal high humidity and high temperature. The moisture content of the corn kernel was decreased firstly during the drying process,and the moisture content of the corn cob was much higher than that of the corn kernel. Compared with the control group, the brightness value of the dried materials was decreased. Besides, the increasing of the hot air speed and temperature would decrease the brightness value of corn kernel. The electrical conductivity of corn kernels dried at room temperature was the lowest, which was 104μS/cm. With the increase of hot air temperature and wind speed, the electrical conductivity was increased, indicating that the internal structure of maize kernels was damaged greatly. The starch content and soluble sugar content of corn kernel were decreased after drying, among which the starch content was the lowest at 70℃, 0.5m/s and the soluble sugar content was the lowest at 60℃ and 70℃, 0.5m/s. On the basis of the drying characteristics and quality changes of corn ear, it was determined that the deep bed drying process of the corn ear was the method of hot air drying first and then drying at room temperature. The optimal hot air drying process parameters of corn ear was hot air temperature of 50℃ or 60℃, wind speed of 0.5m/s and air channel’s unilateral material layer thickness of 360mm.

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孫慶運,張宗超,賈振超,韓夢龍,慈文亮,趙峰.玉米果穗深床層熱風干燥特性試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學報,2022,53(s2):285-292. SUN Qingyun, ZHANG Zongchao, JIA Zhenchao, HAN Menglong, CI Wenliang, ZHAO Feng. Hot Air Drying Characteristics in Deep Bed of Corn Ear[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2022,53(s2):285-292.

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  • 收稿日期:2022-06-08
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2022-08-14
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