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基于Harris和卡爾曼濾波的農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)器人田間穩(wěn)像算法
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國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2020AAA0108103)、中國(guó)科學(xué)院機(jī)器人與智能制造創(chuàng)新研究院自主項(xiàng)目(C2021002)和中國(guó)科學(xué)院合肥物質(zhì)科學(xué)研究院院長(zhǎng)基金項(xiàng)目(YZJJZX202013)


Field Image Stabilization Algorithm for Agricultural Robot Based on Harris and Kalman Filter
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    摘要:

    針對(duì)田間顛簸環(huán)境影響農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)器人采集實(shí)時(shí)穩(wěn)定圖像問(wèn)題,提出了基于Harris和卡爾曼濾波的農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)器人田間穩(wěn)像算法。首先,利用攝像頭獲取田間抖動(dòng)視頻圖像序列,進(jìn)行圖像子區(qū)域劃分并計(jì)算各區(qū)域灰度均方差,進(jìn)而確定各區(qū)域Harris角點(diǎn)閾值;通過(guò)自適應(yīng)角點(diǎn)閾值設(shè)置,增加角點(diǎn)距離約束,完成圖像角點(diǎn)檢測(cè)。然后,對(duì)檢測(cè)出的角點(diǎn)進(jìn)行光流跟蹤,計(jì)算出幀間運(yùn)動(dòng)估計(jì)參數(shù)。最后,利用自適應(yīng)卡爾曼濾波算法對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)估計(jì)參數(shù)進(jìn)行平滑操作并動(dòng)態(tài)調(diào)整濾波平滑性能,獲得精確運(yùn)動(dòng)估計(jì)矢量。測(cè)試結(jié)果表明,改進(jìn)后的Harris角點(diǎn)檢測(cè)算法區(qū)域平均分布標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差減?。蛔赃m應(yīng)卡爾曼濾波算法在保證平滑隨機(jī)運(yùn)動(dòng)前提下,跟蹤主動(dòng)運(yùn)動(dòng)性能平均提升30.75個(gè)百分點(diǎn);穩(wěn)像后的圖像峰間信噪比提升15.93%,單幀處理時(shí)間為25.66ms,滿(mǎn)足農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)器人30f/s高速圖像采集時(shí)同步穩(wěn)像對(duì)實(shí)時(shí)性要求。

    Abstract:

    Aiming to solve the problem of image jitter of the tracked agricultural robot on the bumpy road in the field. Firstly, the field jitter video image sequence was obtained by the camera, the image was divided into molecular regions, and the mean square error of gray value of each region was calculated, and then the Harris corner threshold of each region was determined, and the adaptive corner threshold was set. The corner distance constraint was added to complete the corner detection of the image. Secondly, optical flow tracking was performed on the detected corners, and the parameters of interframe motion estimation were calculated. Finally, the motion estimation parameters were smoothed by the adaptive Kalman filter algorithm, and the smoothing performance of the filter was dynamically adjusted to obtain the accurate motion estimation vector. The experimental results showed that the improved Harris corner detection algorithm reduced the standard deviation of the average distribution of the region. Under the premise of ensuring smooth random motion, the tracking performance of active motion of adaptive Kalman filter was improved by 30.75 percentage points. After image stabilization, the signal to noise ratio of the image was improved by 15.93%, and the processing time of single frame was 25.66ms, which can meet the realtime processing at the acquisition rate of 30f/s. The traditional Harris corner detection algorithm was improved to overcome the phenomenon of uneven corner distribution and easy clustering. An adaptive Kalman filter algorithm was proposed to suppress the random motion of the camera and improve the performance of tracking the active motion of the camera, which had a good image stabilization performance in tracked agricultural robots.

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王杰,經(jīng)俊森,陳正偉,徐照勝,王少平.基于Harris和卡爾曼濾波的農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)器人田間穩(wěn)像算法[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2023,54(1):30-36,53. WANG Jie, JING Junsen, CHEN Zhengwei, XU Zhaosheng, WANG Shaoping. Field Image Stabilization Algorithm for Agricultural Robot Based on Harris and Kalman Filter[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2023,54(1):30-36,53.

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  • 收稿日期:2022-02-22
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2023-01-10
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