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大豆壟三栽培配套播種機種床整理裝置設(shè)計與試驗
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國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2021YFD2000401)、財政部和農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部:國家現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系建設(shè)專項(CARS-04)和黑龍江省“百千萬”工程科技重大專項支撐行動計劃項目(2020ZX17B01-2)


Design and Experiment of Seedbed Perfect Device for “Three-Soybean” Cultivation Mode Matching Seeder
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    摘要:

    針對大豆壟三栽培模式下播種機施肥開溝器土壤擾動影響種-肥、種-種的空間配置關(guān)系問題,設(shè)計了一種雙錐環(huán)型種床整理裝置。通過理論分析確定在典型東北黑壤土、含水率20%和仿形機構(gòu)下拉彈簧剛度4.48N/mm條件下,雙錐環(huán)型種床整理裝置關(guān)鍵結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)取值范圍;應(yīng)用三因素三水平正交試驗方法,以作業(yè)速度、收土整形環(huán)母線長度和仿形下拉彈簧預(yù)伸長量為試驗因素,選擇種床平整度、壟頂5cm深度土壤堅實度變異系數(shù)、播種深度變異系數(shù)、種子橫向偏移離散度和種肥間距合格率為評價指標(biāo),實施關(guān)鍵結(jié)構(gòu)和運用參數(shù)組合優(yōu)化試驗及田間對比試驗,結(jié)果表明:當(dāng)作業(yè)速度小于等于14.4km/h、彈簧預(yù)伸長量為90mm、收土整形環(huán)母線長度為42mm時,增設(shè)該種床整理裝置的播種單體可以實現(xiàn)種床平整度達6.22mm、壟頂5cm深度土壤堅實度變異系數(shù)達17.39%、播種深度變異系數(shù)達13.74%、種子橫向偏移離散度7.65%、種肥間距合格率達87.86%,較未設(shè)置種床整理裝置播種單體的播種深度一致性和種肥間距合格率分別提高19.71%和24.26%,種子橫向偏移離散度降低44.02%。研究結(jié)果為大豆壟三栽培配套高速精量播種機的研究提供了參考。

    Abstract:

    Soybean cultivation in Northeast China adopts the cultivation mode of sowing double lines on the raised-bed and deep fertilization in the middle, called “three-soybean” in raisedbed. In order to solve the problem that the soil disturbance of fertilizer-opener affects the spatial position of seed-fertilizer and seed-seed under the “three-soybean” cultivation in raised-bed mode, a type of seedbed perfect devices was designed. Through theoretical analysis, the range of the key structural parameters of the double collecting ring type seedbed perfect device was determined under the conditions of typical northeast black loam, 20% moisture content and 4.48N/mm pull down spring stiffness of the profiling mechanism. Using the three factor and three level orthogonal experiment method, taking the operation speed, the length of the generatrix of the soil collecting ring and the pre elongation of the profiling pull-down spring as the experiment factors, and the seedbed flatness, the coefficient of variation of the soil firmness at depth of 5cm at raised-bed top, the coefficient of variation of the sowing depth, the dispersion of the seed and the qualified rate of the spacing between the seed and fertilizer as the evaluation indicators, the optimization experiment of the key structure and the application parameters was carried out. The results showed that when the operating speed was less than or equal to 14.4km/h, the pre-elongation of the spring was 90mm, and the length of the generatrix of the soil collecting ring was 4mm, the seeding-unit added with the seedbed perfect device could achieve a seedbed flatness of 6.22mm, a variation coefficient of soil solidity of 5cm depth at the raised-bed top of 17.39%, a variation coefficient of seeding depth of 13.74%, a dispersion degree of seed lateral displacement of 7.65%, and the qualified rate of the spacing between the seed and fertilizer of 87.86%. Compared with those without seed-bed perfect device, the qualification rate of sowing depth consistency and seed and fertilizer spacing of seeding-unit were increased by 19.71% and 24.26%, respectively, and the seed lateral offset dispersion was decreased by 44.02%. The results provided a reference for the research and development of high-speed precision seeder for “three-soybean” cultivation in raised-bed.

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陳海濤,張昭,王星,王業(yè)成,紀文義,薛東輝.大豆壟三栽培配套播種機種床整理裝置設(shè)計與試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學(xué)報,2023,54(1):54-63. CHEN Haitao, ZHANG Zhao, WANG Xing, WANG Yecheng, JI Wenyi, XUE Donghui. Design and Experiment of Seedbed Perfect Device for “Three-Soybean” Cultivation Mode Matching Seeder[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2023,54(1):54-63.

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  • 收稿日期:2022-10-20
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2023-01-10
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