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高茬黏重稻茬田油菜直播埋茬防堵深施肥復(fù)合裝置研究
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國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2021YFD2000401)、國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(32001427)、財(cái)政部和農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部:國(guó)家現(xiàn)代油菜產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系項(xiàng)目(CARS-12)和中國(guó)博士后科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(2022T150244、2021M701340)


Burying Stubble and Anti-blocking Deep Fertilization Composite Device for Rapeseed Direct Planting in High Stubble and Heavy Soil Rice Stubble Field
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    摘要:

    針對(duì)長(zhǎng)江中下游稻油輪作區(qū)油菜直播作業(yè)時(shí),因土壤黏重板結(jié),地表前茬水稻留茬高、留存秸稈量大,導(dǎo)致旋耕部件易纏繞,秸稈埋覆率低,致使深施肥鏟易掛草壅堵,作業(yè)廂面拖堆不平,難以實(shí)現(xiàn)深施肥作業(yè)。本文設(shè)計(jì)一種適應(yīng)高茬黏重稻茬田的油菜直播埋茬防堵深施肥復(fù)合作業(yè)裝置,確定埋茬防堵部件深旋彎刀、淺旋彎刀、防堵直刀和深施肥鏟的結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)及刀片和深施肥鏟排列安裝方式。利用EDEM仿真分析了機(jī)具作業(yè)后的秸稈埋覆、空間分布及顆粒肥料深施后的分布深度,結(jié)果表明:作業(yè)速度為2.5km/h、耕作深度為150mm、埋茬防堵部件刀輥轉(zhuǎn)速為345r/min時(shí),秸稈埋覆率為86.53%、施肥深度為83~106mm。開(kāi)展了油菜直播機(jī)4種田間作業(yè)工況驗(yàn)證試驗(yàn),結(jié)果表明:埋茬防堵深施肥復(fù)合作業(yè)裝置田間作業(yè)性能良好,實(shí)現(xiàn)了肥料深施,秸稈埋覆率為86.69%~90.35%、廂面平整度為16.48~22.65mm、施肥深度為87.4~109.5mm、碎土率為81.24%~92.13%。

    Abstract:

    During rapeseed direct seeding operation in rice-rapeseed rotation area of mid-lower Yangtze River, because the soil is sticky and hardened, the stubble of the fore crop of rice on the surface is high, and the large amount of straw is retained, which leads to the production problems of easy winding of rotary tillage part, low straw burying rate, easy hanging of grass and blockage of deep fertilization shovel, difficult to realize deep fertilization operation, a burying stubble and anti-blocking deep fertilization composite operation device for rapeseed direct planting was developed to adapt high stubble and heavy soil rice stubble field. The structural parameters of the deep rotary curved blade, the shallow rotary curved blade, and anti-blocking straight rotary blade of the burying stubble and anti-blocking blade roller, and the deep fertilization shovel were determined. Meanwhile, the arrangement and installation mode of the rotary blade and the deep fertilizing shovel were defined. EDEM simulation was used to analyze the straw burying and spatial distribution, the distribution depth after deep application of granular fertilizer, and the mixing results of soil particles in the plough layer soil after machine operation. The test results showed that when the working speed was 2.5km/h, the tillage depth was 150mm, and the burying stubble and anti-blocking blade roller rotating speed was 345r/min, the straw burying rate was 86.53% and the fertilization depth was 83~106mm. The validation test of four field working conditions of the rotary tillage and deep fertilization device was carried out. The field test results showed that the deep fertilization part had good anti-blockage performance in the field. When the rotary tillage and deep fertilization device operated on the sticky surface with high stubble, the fertilization depth was 87.4~109.5mm, the straw burying rate was 86.69%~90.35%, and the uniformity of the ridge was 16.48~22.65mm, the broken rate of soil was 81.24%~92.13%. which could meet the test requirements of fertilization depth and seedbed preparing during rapeseed direct seeding.

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王磊,邊祺旺,廖慶喜,王彪,廖宜濤,張青松.高茬黏重稻茬田油菜直播埋茬防堵深施肥復(fù)合裝置研究[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2023,54(2):83-94. WANG Lei, BIAN Qiwang, LIAO Qingxi, WANG Biao, LIAO Yitao, ZHANG Qingsong. Burying Stubble and Anti-blocking Deep Fertilization Composite Device for Rapeseed Direct Planting in High Stubble and Heavy Soil Rice Stubble Field[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2023,54(2):83-94.

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  • 收稿日期:2022-10-11
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2022-11-12
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