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基于行星輪系的玉米穴施肥自動對種系統(tǒng)設(shè)計與試驗
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國家自然科學基金項目(32101629)、陜西省重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2022NY-227)和中國博士后基金項目(2021M692657)


Design of Maize Automatic Hole Fertilization System Targeting at Seed Based on Planetary Gear Train
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    摘要:

    玉米播種同步穴施肥是提高肥料利用率的有效手段,本文針對現(xiàn)有穴施肥裝置用于精量播種作業(yè)時種肥相對位置無法實時檢測和控制的難題,設(shè)計了一種玉米自動對種穴施肥裝置。提出了基于行星輪系的自動對種方法,在確保種距和肥距相等的前提下實時調(diào)節(jié)排種盤和排肥盤相位差,實現(xiàn)播種作業(yè)過程中種肥相對位置的實時調(diào)控。通過分析機具前進速度、排種器排肥器間距、株距等對落種落肥位置的影響,得到種肥相對位置計算方法,設(shè)計了穴施肥自動對種控制算法。搭建了基于STM32F103的控制系統(tǒng),并完成硬件系統(tǒng)和軟件系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計,可完成落種落肥等信息的檢測和種肥相對位置的實時調(diào)控。驗證試驗結(jié)果表明,當前進速度分別為3、4、5、6km/h時,種肥縱向平均間距分別為8.6、6.1、11.7、8.5mm,滿足對種穴施肥需求。

    Abstract:

    Maize hole fertilization synchronizing with seeding is an effective means to improve fertilizer utilization efficiency. To solve the problem that the relative position of seed and fertilizer could not be detected and controlled in real time with the present hole fertilization device, a maize automatic hole fertilization device was designed, and an automatic targeting at seed method based on planetary gear train was put forward. On the premise of the same seed distance and fertilizer distance, the phase difference between seed trays and fertilizer trays was adjusted in real time to realize the real-time control of the relative position of seeds and fertilizers during seeding. The influence of the advancing speed, the distance between the seed metering device and fertilizer discharging device and the spacing in the rows on the position of seed and fertilizer dropping was analyzed, the calculation method of the relative position of seed and fertilizer was obtained, and the automatic seed control algorithm of hole fertilization was designed. A control system based on STM32F103 was built, and the hardware system and software system were designed, seed and fertilizer dropping information was detected and controlled in real time. The experiment result showed that the average distance of seed and fertilizer was 8.6mm, 6.1mm, 11.7mm and 8.5mm, while the forward speed was 3km/h, 4km/h, 5km/h and 6km/h, respectively, which met the requirements of seed hole fertilization.

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劉正道,王星力,李爽,黃玉祥,閆小麗,趙宏波.基于行星輪系的玉米穴施肥自動對種系統(tǒng)設(shè)計與試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學報,2023,54(3):60-67. LIU Zhengdao, WANG Xingli, LI Shuang, HUANG Yuxiang, YAN Xiaoli, ZHAO Hongbo. Design of Maize Automatic Hole Fertilization System Targeting at Seed Based on Planetary Gear Train[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2023,54(3):60-67.

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  • 收稿日期:2022-10-04
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2023-03-10
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