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糧食種植結(jié)構(gòu)視角下東北黑土區(qū)耕地利用結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)控研究
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國家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(41971247)、遼寧省社會科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(L22CJY001)和遼寧省經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展研究項(xiàng)目(2023lslqnwzzkt-11)


Regulation of Cultivated Land Use Structure in Black Soil Region of Northeast China Based on Perspective of Grain Planting Structure
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    摘要:

    科學(xué)模擬和調(diào)控耕地利用結(jié)構(gòu)是實(shí)現(xiàn)種植結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化的重要手段,對緩解糧食供求結(jié)構(gòu)性矛盾具有重要意義。以東北黑土區(qū)典型縣為例,基于糧食種植結(jié)構(gòu)視角構(gòu)建耕地利用系統(tǒng)動力學(xué)(System dynamics, SD)模型,預(yù)測水稻、玉米和大豆3種主要糧食作物的種植面積、產(chǎn)量和收益,通過經(jīng)濟(jì)、技術(shù)、市場多情景模擬提出耕地利用結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)控路徑。結(jié)果表明:SD模型模擬效果良好,平均偏離度低于10%。預(yù)測2019—2030年研究區(qū)水稻和大豆種植面積將逐步增加,玉米種植面積緩慢減少。水稻和玉米產(chǎn)量均有所增加,大豆產(chǎn)量呈先增后減趨勢。不同情景下3種作物的模擬結(jié)果存在明顯差異,GDP水平提升、增加農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)投入和農(nóng)產(chǎn)品價格調(diào)控將有利于水稻種植面積、產(chǎn)量和收益增加。提升農(nóng)民收入水平、加強(qiáng)農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)支持和農(nóng)產(chǎn)品價格調(diào)控對大豆種植面積、產(chǎn)量和收益的增加具有明顯促進(jìn)作用。而調(diào)控農(nóng)民收入、農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)和農(nóng)產(chǎn)品價格對改善玉米的耕地利用結(jié)構(gòu)效果不佳。通過建立種植結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整補(bǔ)貼政策、推進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化轉(zhuǎn)型升級和健全農(nóng)產(chǎn)品市場體系的路徑組合實(shí)現(xiàn)耕地利用結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化調(diào)控。研究系統(tǒng)闡釋了耕地利用要素關(guān)系及其結(jié)構(gòu)變化的內(nèi)在邏輯,明確了不同情景下主要糧食作物耕地利用結(jié)構(gòu)的調(diào)控路徑,為區(qū)域未來糧食生產(chǎn)結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化政策的制定提供依據(jù),對實(shí)現(xiàn)糧食供求動態(tài)平衡、促進(jìn)耕地資源高效可持續(xù)利用具有重要意義。

    Abstract:

    Scientific simulation and regulation of cultivated land use structure is an important means to realize the optimization of planting structure, and it is of great significance to alleviate the structural contradiction between food supply and demand. Taking the typical counties in the black soil area of Northeast China as an example, a system dynamics (SD) model of cultivated land use was built to predict the planting area, yield and income of the main food crops: rice, corn and soybean. Based on the multi-scenario simulation, including economy, technology and market, the regulation path of cultivated land use structure was proposed. The results showed that the SD model had a good simulation effect, and the average deviation was less than 10%. It was predicted that from 2019 to 2030, the acreage of rice and soybeans would gradually increase, and the acreage of corn would decrease slowly. The yield of rice and corn would both increase, and the yield of soybean would increase first and then decrease. There were obvious differences in the simulation results of the three crops under different scenarios. The improvement of GDP level, the increase of agricultural technology input and the regulation of agricultural product prices would be beneficial to the increase of rice planting area, yield and income. Raising farmers’ income levels, strengthening agricultural technical support and regulating agricultural prices would significantly promote the increase of soybean planting area, yield and income in the future. However, the regulation of farmers’ income, agricultural technology and agricultural product prices had little effect on improving the cultivated land use structure of corn. The optimization of cultivated land use structure can be achieved by establishing a subsidy policy for planting structure adjustment, promoting the transformation and upgrading of agricultural mechanization, and improving the agricultural product market system. The research systematically explained the relationship between the factors of cultivated land use and the internal logic of structural changes, and clarified the regulation path of the cultivated land use structure of main food crops under different scenarios, providing a basis for the formulation of regional optimization policies for the future grain production structure, and for realizing the dynamic balance of food supply and demand. It was of great significance to promote the efficient and sustainable use of cultivated land resources.

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張紅梅,宋戈,姚雙雙.糧食種植結(jié)構(gòu)視角下東北黑土區(qū)耕地利用結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)控研究[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2023,54(3):198-209. ZHANG Hongmei, SONG Ge, YAO Shuangshuang. Regulation of Cultivated Land Use Structure in Black Soil Region of Northeast China Based on Perspective of Grain Planting Structure[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2023,54(3):198-209.

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  • 收稿日期:2022-05-31
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2023-03-10
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