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花生氣吸滾筒式穴播器分種盤設(shè)計與試驗
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國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2020YFD1000902)、綠洲特色經(jīng)濟作物生產(chǎn)機械化教育部工程研究中心開放課題(PMOC2021A04)和山東省農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院國際科技合作專項(CXGC2022F29)


Design and Experiment of Seed Separation Tray of Air-suction Roller Dibbler for Peanut
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    摘要:

    針對花生氣吸滾筒式穴播器因一次投種性能不穩(wěn)定造成單粒率低的問題,通過在氣吸滾筒式穴播器的取種盤和二次投種機構(gòu)之間增設(shè)分種盤,將種子限定在一個較小的齒形空間內(nèi),并撥動種子沿著預(yù)定軌道運動,提高了氣吸滾筒式穴播器投種的準(zhǔn)確性和精度。設(shè)計并分析了分種盤的分種齒齒形和分種盤與取種盤的位置關(guān)系,確定了分種盤結(jié)構(gòu)和位置參數(shù)。借助DEM-CFD耦合方法研究了氣吸滾筒式穴播器的工作過程,分析了攜種區(qū)種子的運動軌跡,闡明了漏播和重播產(chǎn)生機理。以單粒率、漏播率和重播率為評價指標(biāo)進行三因素二次旋轉(zhuǎn)正交組合試驗,分析了齒形方向角、安裝角、作業(yè)速度對投種性能的影響,結(jié)果表明:當(dāng)齒形方向角為-4.55°、安裝角為14.99°和作業(yè)速度為4.01km/h時,氣吸滾筒式穴播器的排種性能最優(yōu),此時單粒率為94.99%,漏播率為2.49%,重播率為2.52%。以最優(yōu)組合為基礎(chǔ)進行田間試驗,當(dāng)作業(yè)速度為3.51~4.51km/h時,試驗結(jié)果滿足花生單粒精量播種機械技術(shù)要求,且安裝分種盤比未安裝分種盤的單粒率提升超過1.46個百分點,排種優(yōu)勢明顯。

    Abstract:

    In order to solve the problem of low single seed rate caused by air-suction roller dibbler for peanut decreases due to the unstable performance of the first seed feeding, the seed separation tray was added between the seed collecting tray and the secondary seed feeding mechanism of the air-suction roller dibbler for peanut. The seeds were limited in a small tooth shaped space, and the seeds were moved along a predetermined track to improve the accuracy and precision of seed delivery of the air-suction roller dibbler for peanut. The tooth shape of seed separation tray and the position relationship between seed separation tray and seed collecting tray were designed and analyzed, and the structure and position parameters of seed separation tray were determined. The working process of air-suction roller dibbler for peanut was studied, the movement track of seeds in seed carrying area was analyzed, and the mechanism of missed seeding and replanting was clarified by using DEM-CFD coupling method. Three factors quadratic rotation orthogonal combination test was conducted with qualification index, missed seeding index and replaying index as evaluation indexes. The effects of tooth shape direction angle, installation angle and operation speed on seed delivery performance were analyzed. The results showed that when the direction angle of the tooth shape was -4.55°, the installation angle was 14.99° and the operating speed was 4.01km/h, the seed metering performance of the air-suction roller dibbler for peanut was the best. The qualification index was 94.99%, the missed seeding index was 2.49%, and the replanting index was 2.52%. Based on the optimal combination, the field contrast test was conducted, and the test results met the technical requirements of single seed precision sowing machine for peanut.

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張春艷,康建明,張寧寧,彭強吉,張惠,王小瑜.花生氣吸滾筒式穴播器分種盤設(shè)計與試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學(xué)報,2023,54(6):28-37. ZHANG Chunyan, KANG Jianming, ZHANG Ningning, PENG Qiangji, ZHANG Hui, WANG Xiaoyu. Design and Experiment of Seed Separation Tray of Air-suction Roller Dibbler for Peanut[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2023,54(6):28-37.

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  • 收稿日期:2022-10-24
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2023-01-03
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