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三自由度蘋果采摘機(jī)械臂動(dòng)力學(xué)分析與輕量化設(shè)計(jì)
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浙江省重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2021C02021)、浙江省“三農(nóng)九方”科技協(xié)作計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2022SNJF017)、重慶市科學(xué)技術(shù)局農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村領(lǐng)域重點(diǎn)研發(fā)項(xiàng)目(cstc2021jscx-gksbX0003)和杭州市農(nóng)業(yè)與社會發(fā)展科研一般項(xiàng)目(202203B08)


Dynamic Analysis and Lightweight Design of 3-DOF Apple Picking Manipulator
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    摘要:

    針對工業(yè)機(jī)械臂蘋果采摘時(shí)運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)劃復(fù)雜、自由度多、控制難等問題,本文研制了一款輕量化結(jié)構(gòu)的三自由度蘋果采摘機(jī)械臂。首先,針對蘋果采摘工作要求完成了機(jī)械臂的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)與運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)分析。機(jī)械臂采用平行四邊形結(jié)構(gòu),通過后置動(dòng)力源減小整機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量,且臂展長,工作空間大,運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)樹枝干擾小,更適用于蘋果采摘。其次,采用牛頓-歐拉方程建立動(dòng)力學(xué)模型,完成機(jī)械臂蘋果采摘仿真,通過動(dòng)力學(xué)模型的理論數(shù)據(jù),以減輕機(jī)械臂自身質(zhì)量為優(yōu)化目標(biāo),對臂及其關(guān)鍵部件應(yīng)力及應(yīng)變進(jìn)行分析,計(jì)算不同輕量化方案下的應(yīng)力、應(yīng)變,從而選取最優(yōu)的輕量化方案。通過對比輕量化前后機(jī)械臂仿真數(shù)據(jù),骨棒型輕量化方案驅(qū)動(dòng)力矩峰值分別降低21N·m和 15N·m,均降低約20%,整機(jī)質(zhì)量下降1.8kg,降低32.1%,且輕量化后機(jī)械臂保持良好工作能力。根據(jù)優(yōu)化結(jié)果,搭建了三自由度蘋果采摘機(jī)械臂物理樣機(jī),通過試驗(yàn)得到大、小臂最大驅(qū)動(dòng)力矩為92、63N·m,基本符合仿真結(jié)果,驗(yàn)證了動(dòng)力學(xué)模型的正確性。

    Abstract:

    Aiming at the problems of complex motion planning, multiple degrees of freedom and difficult control of industrial manipulator apple picking, human hand picking was simulated and a lightweight 3-DOF apple picking manipulator was developed. Firstly, the structural design and kinematic analysis of the manipulator were completed for the requirements of apple picking. The mechanical arm adopted a parallelogram structure, which reduced the rotational inertia of the whole machine through a rear power source, and had a long arm span, a large working space, and small branch interference during movement, which was more suitable for apple picking. Secondly, the Newton-Euler equation was used to establish the dynamic model, and the apple picking simulation of the manipulator was completed. Through the theoretical data of the dynamic model, the stress and strain of the arm and its key components were analyzed to reduce the mass of the manipulator itself. The stress and strain under different lightweight schemes were calculated to select the optimal lightweight scheme. By comparing the simulation data of the manipulator before and after lightweight, the peak driving torque of the bone rod lightweight scheme was reduced by 21N·m and 15N·m, respectively, both of which were reduced by about 20%. The weight of the whole machine was reduced by 1.8kg, which was reduced by 32.1%, and the lightweight manipulator maintained good working ability. According to the optimization results, a physical prototype of a 3-DOF apple picking manipulator was built. The maximum driving torques of the large and small arms were 92N·m and 63N·m through experiments, which basically conformed to the simulation results and verified the correctness of the dynamic model.

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趙雄,曹功豪,張鵬飛,馬锃宏,趙立軍,陳建能.三自由度蘋果采摘機(jī)械臂動(dòng)力學(xué)分析與輕量化設(shè)計(jì)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2023,54(7):88-98. ZHAO Xiong, CAO Gonghao, ZHANG Pengfei, MA Zenghong, ZHAO Lijun, CHEN Jianneng. Dynamic Analysis and Lightweight Design of 3-DOF Apple Picking Manipulator[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2023,54(7):88-98.

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  • 收稿日期:2022-11-21
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2023-07-10
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