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玉米高速精量播種機正壓氣流輔助吹送導(dǎo)種裝置研究
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中國機械工業(yè)集團有限公司重大科技專項(ZDZX2020-2)


Research on Positive Pressure Airflow Assisted Blowing and Seed Guiding Device of Corn High-speed Precision Planter
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    摘要:

    玉米播種機高速、精量作業(yè)時,投種點高,種子因劇烈碰撞,而導(dǎo)致粒距均勻性差,為此基于文丘里原理,設(shè)計一種利用正壓氣流輔助輸種的導(dǎo)種裝置,確定了導(dǎo)種裝置的主要結(jié)構(gòu)和關(guān)鍵參數(shù)。分析了氣流輔助輸種,實現(xiàn)“零速投種”的機理。采用DEM-CFD耦合仿真方法模擬導(dǎo)種裝置的工作過程,通過對比分析氣流場、種子的出射速度,確定進氣室收縮角為70°、進氣室收縮段長度為8.2mm。利用排種器性能測試平臺進行速度匹配試驗、彈跳試驗、作業(yè)性能試驗和對比試驗,結(jié)果表明:作業(yè)速度為8~16km/h、粒距為20~25cm時,合格指數(shù)不小于85.7%;粒距變異系數(shù)不大于15.8%。與重力式導(dǎo)種管相比,作業(yè)速度越高,正壓氣流輔助導(dǎo)種裝置的優(yōu)良作業(yè)性能越突出,作業(yè)速度為16km/h時,粒距合格指數(shù)增加13.6個百分點,粒距變異系數(shù)減少7.4個百分點,滿足高速條件下精量輸種的要求,有利于提升高速精量播種機整體作業(yè)性能。

    Abstract:

    In order to solve the problem that when the corn planter works at high speed and precision, the seed throwing point is high and the seed collides violently, which leads to the poor uniformity of grain spacing, a seed guiding device assisted by positive pressure air flow was designed based on Venturi principle. the main structure and key parameters of the seed guiding device were determined. The mechanism of air-assisted delivering seeds to realize “zero-speed seeding” was analyzed. The DEM-CFD coupling simulation method was used to simulate the working process of the seed guiding device. By comparing and analyzing the airflow field and the seed exit velocity, it was determined that the constriction angle of the intake chamber was 70°, and the length of the constriction section of the intake chamber was 8.2mm. The speed matching test, bouncing test, operation performance test and comparison test were carried out on the performance test platform of the seed metering device. The results showed that when the operating speed was 8~16km/h and the grain spacing was 20~25cm, the qualified rate was not less than 85.7%;and the coefficient of variation of particle spacing was not more than 15.8%. Compared with the gravity type seed guide tube, the higher the operating speed was, the more outstanding the excellent operating performance of the positive pressure airflow assisted seed guide device was. When the operating speed was 16km/h, the qualified rate of particle spacing was increased by 13.6 percentage points and the coefficient of variation of particle spacing was decreased by 7.4 percentage points, which met the requirements of precision seeding under high-speed conditions and was conducive to improving the overall performance of high-speed precision seeders.

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劉瑞,劉云強,劉忠軍,劉立晶.玉米高速精量播種機正壓氣流輔助吹送導(dǎo)種裝置研究[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學(xué)報,2023,54(7):156-166. LIU Rui, LIU Yunqiang, LIU Zhongjun, LIU Lijing. Research on Positive Pressure Airflow Assisted Blowing and Seed Guiding Device of Corn High-speed Precision Planter[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2023,54(7):156-166.

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  • 收稿日期:2022-07-01
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2023-07-10
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